Pathways

Switzerland Switzerland Work Permit for Non-EU Workers This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Switzerland. It generally requires the… residency Norway Norway Self-Employed Worker Residence This residence pathway is for founders, business owners, or self-employed applicants who will run real activity in Norway. It generally requires a credible… residency Norway Norway Skilled Worker Residence Permit This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Norway. It generally requires the role… residency Iceland Iceland Residence Permit Based on Work Iceland's work residence route is for non-EEA/EFTA citizens with a job offer or qualifying contract on the Icelandic labor market. Categories include… residency Hong Kong Hong Kong Graduate Residence Hong Kong's nonlocal graduate route lets qualifying graduates remain or return for work, with more flexible rules for applications made soon after… residency Hong Kong Hong Kong Skilled Employee Residence Hong Kong's skilled employment route is for professionals with a confirmed local job that uses their education, technical skills, or substantial relevant… residency Hong Kong Hong Kong Skilled Migrant Visa Hong Kong's Quality Migrant Admission Scheme is a selective talent route for highly skilled or exceptionally accomplished people who want to settle in Hong… residency Hong Kong Hong Kong Top Talent Residence Hong Kong's Top Talent Pass Scheme lets certain high earners and graduates of eligible universities move without first securing a Hong Kong job offer. residency Denmark Denmark Startup Founder Visa This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Denmark. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… residency Denmark Denmark Work Permit for High-Paying Jobs Denmark's Pay Limit route is for people offered a high-enough salary by a Danish employer. It generally requires a qualifying employment contract,… residency Denmark Denmark Work Permit for In-Demand Jobs This is a Danish work-residence route for people offered jobs in occupations Denmark lists as short of qualified workers. It generally requires a… residency Sweden Sweden Residence for Self-Employed People This residence pathway is for founders, business owners, or self-employed applicants who will run real activity in Sweden. It generally requires a credible… residency Sweden Sweden Work Permit for Employees This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Sweden. It generally requires the role… residency Germany Germany Athlete or Esports Work Visa Germany has special work rules for professional athletes, coaches, and esports professionals. The route generally requires age 16 or older, employment by a… residency Germany Germany Freelancer Visa Germany's Freelancer Visa is for self-employed liberal professionals, such as artists, writers, teachers, consultants, scientists, doctors, engineers, and… residency Germany Germany Intra-Company Transfer Work Permit Germany's ICT Card is for intra-corporate transferees sent from a company outside the EU to a German entity in the same undertaking or group. It generally… residency Germany Germany Job Seeker Visa Germany's Opportunity Card is a job-search residence route for skilled workers who do not yet have a German job offer. It generally requires either full… residency Germany Germany Recognition Partnership Visa Germany's recognition partnership route is for people with a foreign degree or vocational qualification and a German employer willing to support… residency Germany Germany Researcher Visa Germany's researcher visa is for people with a hosting agreement or work contract with a German research institution. It generally requires PhD-level or… residency Germany Germany Self-Employed Business Visa Germany's self-employed business residence route is for people starting or operating a commercial business in Germany. It generally requires an economic… residency Germany Germany Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Germany. It generally requires higher education or… residency Germany Germany Visa for Experienced Workers Germany's visa for professionally experienced workers is for people with recent qualified work experience and a German job offer in a non-regulated… residency Germany Germany Work Permit for Assistant Nurses Germany's assistant nursing work route is for third-country nationals with a concrete German job offer as an assistant in nursing and qualifying German or… residency Germany Germany Work Permit for Employed Artists Germany's employed artist route is for artists working as employees in Germany's cultural or entertainment sector. It generally requires a German employer… residency Germany Germany Work Permit for Language Teachers Germany's language teacher route is for teachers of their native language who will teach at a German school or work freelance. Employed school teachers… residency Germany Germany Work Permit for Professional Drivers Germany's professional driver route is for third-country nationals who will work as HGV or bus drivers and meet the licensing, initial-qualification,… residency Germany Germany Work Qualification Recognition Visa Germany's recognition-measures visa is for people whose foreign qualification has been found only partially equivalent and who need to complete training,… residency Germany Germany Work Visa for Qualified Professionals Germany's work visa for qualified professionals is for people with recognized academic or vocational qualifications and a specific qualified job offer in… residency Ireland Ireland Critical Skills Employment Permit This is a skilled-work residence pathway for people with a qualifying two-year Irish job offer. It covers listed Critical Skills occupations at the… residency Ireland Ireland General Employment Permit Ireland's General Employment Permit is a broad work route for people with an eligible Irish job offer. It generally requires an occupation that is not on… residency Ireland Ireland Intra-Company Transfer Permit A non-EEA senior manager, key employee, or trainee may transfer temporarily from an overseas company to a connected Irish entity under an Intra-Company… residency Ireland Ireland Startup Founder Residence This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Ireland. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… residency Singapore Singapore Entrepreneur Visa Singapore's EntrePass is for founders of innovative, venture-oriented businesses that Singapore wants to attract. It generally requires a qualifying… residency Singapore Singapore Flexible Work Pass for Top Talent Singapore's ONE Pass is a five-year personalized pass for top earners and people with outstanding achievements. A separate AI and Tech track has been… residency Singapore Singapore Professional Work Visa The Employment Pass is an employer-filed route for foreign professionals, managers, and executives. The job must meet an age- and sector-adjusted… residency Singapore Singapore Skilled Worker Visa The S Pass is an employer-filed route for skilled foreign employees. The job must meet the salary for the applicant's age and sector, and the employer must… residency Australia Australia National Innovation Visa This residence pathway is for high-achieving or specialized applicants whose work fits Australia's priority talent categories. It generally requires strong… residency Australia Australia Permanent Employer-Nominated Visa Australia's Employer Nomination Scheme is a permanent residence route for workers nominated by an Australian employer. It generally requires a qualifying… residency Australia Australia Regional Employer-Sponsored Visa Australia's Subclass 494 is a provisional employer-sponsored route for skilled workers nominated by an employer in designated regional Australia. It… residency Australia Australia Skilled Independent Visa Australia's Skilled Independent visa is a points-tested permanent residence route for skilled workers who do not need employer or state sponsorship. It… residency Australia Australia Skilled Nominated Visa Australia's Skilled Nominated visa is a points-tested permanent residence route for skilled workers nominated by a state or territory. It generally… residency Australia Australia Skilled Regional Permanent Visa Australia's Subclass 191 visa is the permanent-residence step for people who have held an eligible regional provisional visa for at least 3 years and… residency Australia Australia Skilled Regional Visa Australia's Skilled Work Regional visa is a provisional points-tested route for skilled workers sponsored by a state, territory, or eligible family member… residency Australia Australia Skills in Demand Visa Australia's Skills in Demand visa is for people sponsored by an Australian employer for a qualifying role. It generally requires employer sponsorship, a… residency Australia Australia Training Visa Australia's Training visa is a temporary route for workplace-based occupational training or professional development. It generally requires an approved… residency Netherlands Netherlands Company Transfer Residence Permit Managers, specialists, and trainee employees may be able to transfer from a company outside the EU to a Dutch branch under the EU intra-corporate… residency Netherlands Netherlands Researcher Residence Permit The Netherlands has a residence route for researchers, doctoral candidates, and some mobility researchers hosted by a recognized Dutch research… residency Netherlands Netherlands Seasonal Work Residence Permit The Netherlands has a seasonal-work route, usually through a single permit, for short agricultural or horticultural work of up to 24 weeks. residency Netherlands Netherlands Self-Employed Residence Permit The Netherlands has a self-employed residence route for entrepreneurs, freelancers, and self-employed artists whose work serves an essential Dutch economic… residency Netherlands Netherlands Single Permit for Paid Employment The Dutch single permit, or GVVA, combines residence and work authorization for many paid-employment roles that do not fit a more specialized Dutch work… residency Netherlands Netherlands Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in the Netherlands. It generally requires higher… residency Netherlands Netherlands Startup Employee Permit The Netherlands has a pilot route for essential employees of innovative Dutch start-ups, generally requiring a qualifying start-up, expertise, salary, and… residency Netherlands Netherlands Startup Visa This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in the Netherlands. It generally requires an eligible business idea,… residency Netherlands Netherlands U.S. Self-Employment Residence The Dutch-American Friendship Treaty route is for U.S. entrepreneurs and self-employed applicants who want to run a business in the Netherlands. It… residency Netherlands Netherlands Work Permit for Skilled Migrants The Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant route is for employees with a Dutch employment contract, an IND-recognized sponsor, qualifying pay, and a salary in… residency Finland Finland Specialist Residence Permit This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Finland. It generally requires the role… residency Finland Finland Startup Entrepreneur Residence Permit This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Finland. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… residency Belgium Belgium Combined Work Residence for Employees Belgium's Single Permit is the main residence-and-work route for non-EU employees who will work in Belgium for more than 90 days. It generally requires a… residency Belgium Belgium Intra-Corporate Transferee Permit Belgium's ICT route lets some managers, specialists, and trainee employees transfer temporarily from a company outside the EU to a Belgian entity in the… residency Belgium Belgium Researcher Residence Belgium's researcher route is for non-EU researchers with a hosting agreement from an approved Belgian research organization. It generally requires an… residency Belgium Belgium Seasonal Worker Permit Belgium has a narrow seasonal-worker permit for third-country nationals whose main residence remains outside the EU and who will work temporarily in… residency Belgium Belgium Self-Employment Permit Belgium's professional card route is for non-EU nationals who want to run a self-employed activity in Belgium. It generally requires a credible business or… residency Belgium Belgium Skilled Worker Residence Card Belgium's EU Blue Card is for highly qualified non-EU workers with a qualifying Belgian job offer. It generally requires higher professional… residency Belgium Belgium Work Residence Permit for Trainees Belgium has a trainee authorization for third-country nationals with a higher-education degree, or who are pursuing one, who will complete a professional… residency United Kingdom UK Cross-Border Worker Permit The UK Frontier Worker permit is a post-Brexit route for eligible EU, EEA, or Swiss citizens who live outside the UK but started working in the UK by 31… other United Kingdom UK Fast-Growth Company Work Visa The UK Scale-up Worker visa is for people recruited into eligible jobs by approved fast-growing UK businesses. It generally requires a sponsored job offer… residency United Kingdom UK Global Talent Visa The UK Global Talent visa is for leaders or potential leaders in academia or research, arts and culture, or digital technology. It generally requires… residency United Kingdom UK Health and Care Worker Visa The UK Health and Care Worker visa is for qualified medical, health, and adult social care professionals with an eligible UK job offer from an approved… residency United Kingdom UK Innovator Founder Visa The UK Innovator Founder visa is for founders setting up and running an innovative, viable, and scalable business in the UK. It generally requires… residency United Kingdom UK International Sportsperson Visa The UK International Sportsperson visa is for elite sportspersons and qualified coaches endorsed by their sport's governing body and sponsored by a UK… residency United Kingdom UK Minister of Religion Visa The UK Minister of Religion visa is for people offered a job within a faith community, such as a minister, missionary, or member of a religious order, by a… residency United Kingdom UK Overseas Business Representative Visa The UK Representative of an Overseas Business visa is now mainly for employees of overseas newspapers, news agencies, or broadcasting organizations posted… residency United Kingdom UK Overseas Domestic Worker Visa The UK Overseas Domestic Worker visa is a short-stay route for domestic workers accompanying their overseas employer to the UK. It is usually limited to up… residency United Kingdom UK Skilled Worker Visa The UK Skilled Worker visa is for people with a qualifying UK job offer from a licensed employer sponsor. It generally requires a Certificate of… residency United Kingdom UK Temporary Work Visas The UK Temporary Work category covers short-term sponsored routes such as Seasonal Worker, Creative Worker, Religious Worker, Charity Worker, Government… residency United Kingdom UK Work Visa for Top-University Graduates The UK High Potential Individual visa is for recent graduates of universities on the UK's Global Universities List. It does not require a job offer, but… residency United Kingdom UK Work Visas for Overseas Business Transfers UK Global Business Mobility visas are temporary work routes for people being assigned to the UK by an overseas employer or contract relationship. They can… residency New Zealand New Zealand Accredited Employer Work Visa New Zealand's Accredited Employer Work Visa is for people with a job offer from an accredited New Zealand employer. It generally requires the employer,… residency New Zealand New Zealand Business Investor Work Visa This residence pathway is for investors who can commit substantial funds to approved investments in New Zealand. It generally requires a qualifying… residency New Zealand New Zealand Care Worker Residence Visa New Zealand's Care Workforce Work to Residence Visa is for people aged 55 or younger who have completed qualifying New Zealand care-sector work and have a… residency New Zealand New Zealand Entrepreneur Resident Visa New Zealand's Entrepreneur Resident Visa is for people who have built a profitable, compliant business in New Zealand, usually after holding an… residency New Zealand New Zealand Religious Worker Resident Visa New Zealand's Religious Worker Resident Visa is for people already in New Zealand religious work who have held a Religious Worker Work Visa for at least 3… residency New Zealand New Zealand Skilled Migrant Resident Visa New Zealand's Skilled Migrant Category is a points-based residence route for people aged 55 or younger with a qualifying skilled New Zealand job or offer… residency New Zealand New Zealand Specific Purpose Work Visa New Zealand's Specific Purpose Work Visa is for people coming to New Zealand for a specific project, event, assignment, or time-limited work purpose. residency New Zealand New Zealand Straight to Residence Visa This is a skilled-work residence pathway for people whose occupation is on a priority or shortage list in New Zealand. It generally requires a qualifying… residency New Zealand New Zealand Transport Work to Residence Visa New Zealand's Transport Work to Residence Visa is for people aged 55 or younger who have completed qualifying New Zealand transport work and have a current… residency New Zealand New Zealand Work to Residence Visa This is a skilled-work residence pathway for people whose occupation is on a priority or shortage list in New Zealand. It generally requires a qualifying… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Employer-Sponsored Work Visa This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in the United Arab Emirates. It generally… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Entrepreneur Golden Visa The UAE may grant a five-year Golden Residence to an entrepreneur with an innovative or technology-based project of the required value and endorsements… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Golden Visa for Exceptional Talent The UAE talent Golden Visa is for people in official specialist categories such as doctors, scientists, creatives, athletes, executives, and other… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Self-Sponsored Residence Visa The UAE Green Visa is a self-sponsored residence route for skilled employees, freelancers, self-employed professionals, investors, and business partners.… residency Canada Canada Atlantic Permanent Residence The Atlantic Immigration Program is a permanent-residence route for skilled workers and recent Atlantic Canada graduates with a job offer from a designated… residency Canada Canada Employer-Specific Work Permit Canada's employer-specific work permit is the main temporary work route for people with a Canadian job offer. It usually ties the worker to a specific… residency Canada Canada Experience-Based Permanent Residence Express Entry's Canadian Experience Class is for skilled workers with qualifying Canadian work experience. It generally requires eligible work history,… residency Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Doctors Canada has doctor-focused permanent-residence support through Express Entry, provincial nomination, and faster work-permit processing for nominated… residency Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Self-Employed Canada's Self-Employed Persons Program is a permanent-residence route for certain cultural workers and athletes with qualifying experience. IRCC has paused… residency Canada Canada Provincial Nominee Residence This Canadian residence pathway is for people whose skills, work history, job offer, or local ties match a province or territory's needs. It generally… residency Canada Canada Quebec Business Permanent Residence Quebec business immigration covers investor, entrepreneur, and self-employed worker routes for applicants who want to settle in Quebec and build, buy,… residency Canada Canada Quebec Skilled Worker Residence Quebec's skilled-worker selection route is for people whose profile fits Quebec's labor and integration priorities. It generally requires qualifying under… residency Canada Canada Skilled Trades Permanent Residence Express Entry's Federal Skilled Trades route is for people with qualifying skilled-trade experience. It generally requires trade experience, language… residency Canada Canada Skilled Worker Permanent Residence Express Entry's Federal Skilled Worker route is for skilled workers with foreign or Canadian work experience who meet Canada's points and selection rules.… residency Canada Canada Start-up Visa Program This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Canada. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough funding… residency Canada Canada U.S.-Mexico Professional Work Permit Canada's CUSMA professional route is for U.S. or Mexican citizens in listed professions who have a qualifying Canadian professional role. It generally… residency South Korea South Korea Skilled Work Visa Korea's E-7 status is for people hired or invited by a Korean organization for one of Korea's designated professional, technical, semi-professional, or… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Athlete or Coach Residence Luxembourg has a narrow residence route for some third-country sports players and coaches. It generally requires a real Luxembourg sports contract or host,… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Company Transfer Residence Luxembourg's intra-corporate transfer route is for managers, specialists, and trainee employees transferred within the same company group to Luxembourg. It… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Posted Worker Residence Permit Luxembourg's posted-worker route is for some third-country employees sent temporarily to Luxembourg by an employer established outside Luxembourg. It… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Researcher Residence Permit Luxembourg researcher residence is for third-country researchers hosted by an approved research organization in Luxembourg. It generally requires a signed… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Salaried Worker Residence Permit This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Luxembourg. It generally requires the… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Seasonal Worker Residence Permit Luxembourg seasonal worker residence is for third-country nationals with a qualifying temporary seasonal job in Luxembourg. It generally requires a… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Self-Employed Residence Luxembourg self-employed residence is for third-country nationals who will run an independent professional or business activity in Luxembourg. It generally… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Luxembourg. It generally requires higher education or… residency United States U.S. Company Transfer Visa The L-1 route is for employees being transferred to a U.S. office of the same company group. It generally requires a qualifying relationship between the… residency United States U.S. Employer-Sponsored Green Card This route covers employer-sponsored U.S. green cards for many EB-2 and EB-3 workers, including advanced-degree professionals, exceptional-ability workers,… residency United States U.S. Extraordinary Ability Visa The O-1 is for people with strong national or international recognition in fields such as sciences, education, business, athletics, arts, film, or… residency United States U.S. National Interest Waiver Green Card The EB-2 National Interest Waiver is a green card route for people with an advanced degree or exceptional ability whose proposed work has broader value for… residency United States U.S. Priority Worker Green Card EB-1 is a permanent-residence route for people with extraordinary ability, outstanding professors or researchers, and certain multinational executives or… residency United States U.S. Religious Worker Green Card The EB-4 religious worker route is a green card path for certain ministers and qualifying religious workers with a U.S. religious organization sponsor. residency United States U.S. Religious Worker Visa The R-1 route is for certain religious workers coming temporarily to work for a qualifying U.S. religious organization. residency United States U.S. Specialty Occupation Work Visa The H-1B is for people with a U.S. employer offer in a specialty occupation that normally requires a directly related bachelor's degree or higher. Many… residency United States U.S. Temporary or Seasonal Work Visa The H-2A and H-2B routes are for temporary or seasonal U.S. jobs in agriculture or non-agricultural work. They are employer-driven and limited to… residency United States U.S. Treaty Trader Visa The E-1 treaty trader route is for certain treaty-country nationals connected to substantial trade principally between the United States and the treaty… residency United States U.S. Work Status for Canadians or Mexicans TN status is for Canadian and Mexican citizens with a prearranged U.S. job in a listed USMCA professional occupation. It generally requires Canadian or… residency United States U.S. Work Visa for Australian Professionals The E-3 is a U.S. specialty-occupation work route for Australian nationals with a qualifying U.S. job, the right credentials, and an approved Labor… residency United States U.S. Work Visa for Chileans or Singaporeans The H-1B1 is a U.S. specialty-occupation work route for nationals of Chile and Singapore with qualifying U.S. professional jobs. residency Austria Austria Graduate Work Residence Austria's Red-White-Red Card graduate route is for graduates of Austrian higher-education programs who find qualifying skilled work in Austria. It… residency Austria Austria Seasonal Worker Residence Austria's regular-worker route is for people who already have qualifying seasonal or regular work history and an Austrian job offer. It generally requires… residency Austria Austria Self-Employed Worker Residence Austria's self-employed key-worker route is for applicants whose independent business activity creates significant economic benefit for Austria. It… residency Austria Austria Shortage-Occupation Work Residence Austria's Red-White-Red Card shortage-occupation route is for workers with a job offer in an occupation Austria lists as short of workers. It generally… residency Austria Austria Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Austria. It generally requires higher education or… residency Austria Austria Startup Founder Residence Austria's startup-founder route is for founders building an innovative company with meaningful ownership and funding. It generally requires a qualifying… residency Austria Austria Work Residence for Key Workers Austria's Red-White-Red Card for other key workers is for skilled employees with an Austrian job offer who meet the points and pay rules. It generally… residency Austria Austria Work Residence for Skilled Workers Austria's very-highly-qualified route is for applicants with a strong points profile who can qualify for job search or a Red-White-Red Card after finding… residency Slovenia Slovenia Single Residence and Work Permit This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Slovenia. It generally requires the role… residency Japan Japan Business Manager Visa Japan's Business Manager status is for a founder, owner, or senior manager who will actively run a real business in Japan. New applications are assessed… residency Japan Japan Engineer and Specialist Work Visa Japan's Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services status is for professional science, engineering, humanities, business, language, design,… residency Japan Japan Highly Skilled Professional Visa Japan's Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) status is for a qualifying academic-research, specialized-technical, or business-management activity in Japan… residency Israel Israel B/1 Work Visa Israel's B/1 foreign-expert route is for a person whose Israeli employer first obtains permission to employ them in a specified expert role. It is… residency Israel Israel Innovation Visa Israel's Innovation Visa is a B/2 stay permit for foreign technology entrepreneurs and researchers who plan to establish a company and carry out research… residency Malta Malta Startup Residence Programme This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Malta. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough funding… residency Spain Spain Employee Work Visa Spain's employee work route is for non-EU citizens with a real job offer from a Spanish employer. It generally requires employer support, work… residency Spain Spain Entrepreneur Visa Spain's Law 14/2013 entrepreneur route is for a founder who will personally lead a concrete innovative project of special economic interest to Spain.… residency Spain Spain Highly Qualified Professional Permit Spain's Highly Qualified Professional permit is for non-EU workers with a Spanish job offer in a managerial, specialist, or other highly qualified role. It… residency Spain Spain Self-Employed Work Visa Spain's self-employed work route is for people who plan to run their own professional or business activity in Spain. It generally requires a viable… residency Spain Spain Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Spain. It generally requires higher education or… residency France France Employee or Temporary Worker Permit France's employee and temporary-worker residence route is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens with a real job offer from a French employer. It generally requires… residency France France Self-Employment Visa France's entrepreneur/profession libérale route is for a non-EU citizen whose principal activity in France will be a registered, economically viable… residency France France Skilled Worker Residence Card France's EU Blue Card is a Talent residence route for highly qualified non-EU workers with a qualifying French job. It generally requires a… residency France France Talent Visa for Artists France's Talent artistic and cultural route is for performers and authors of literary or artistic works with a real paid professional project in France. It… residency France France Talent Visa for Business Founders France's Talent project-leader route covers some business creators, recognized innovative projects, and direct economic investors. The requirements differ… residency France France Talent Visa for Corporate Officers France's Talent corporate-officer route is for certain legal representatives of a French establishment or business who already have seniority in the same… residency France France Talent Visa for Medical Professionals France has a Talent route for some medical and pharmacy professionals who can show the required French authorization or temporary-practice basis. It… residency France France Talent Visa for Renowned People France has a Talent route for people with established national or international reputation, or a project that would significantly contribute to France's… residency France France Talent Visa for Researchers France's Talent researcher route is for researchers and university-level teachers with a master's-level degree or higher and a hosting agreement from an… residency France France Talent Visa for Skilled Employees France's Talent employee route is for specific kinds of French jobs, including qualified employees with French master's-level credentials, employees of… residency Cyprus Cyprus Startup Visa Cyprus's Startup Visa is a temporary residence and work route for qualifying non-EU and non-EEA founders and senior executives who will establish, operate,… residency Italy Italy Intra-Company Transfer Permit A manager, specialist, or trainee employed by a company outside the EU may be transferred temporarily to a related Italian branch under Italy's… residency Italy Italy Religious Activity Visa Italy's long-stay religious visa is for non-EU ministers and members of recognized religious organizations carrying out a documented ecclesiastical or… residency Italy Italy Researcher Residence Italy's researcher route is for academic or scientific researchers who have an Italian host institution, research agreement, or research role. It generally… residency Italy Italy Self-Employment Visa Italy's ordinary self-employment visa is a narrow, quota-limited route for the categories listed in the current Decreto Flussi. In 2026 these include… residency Italy Italy Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Italy. It generally requires higher education or… residency Italy Italy Startup Visa The Italia Startup Visa is for non-EU founders with a concrete business project that can qualify as an Italian innovative startup. It requires at least… residency Italy Italy Subordinate Work Visa Italy's subordinate work route is the standard employer-sponsored work visa for non-EU citizens with a qualifying Italian job. It generally requires… residency Taiwan Taiwan Entrepreneur Visa This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Taiwan. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough funding… residency Taiwan Taiwan Gold Card for Skilled Professionals This is a Taiwan residence route for highly skilled professionals in designated fields. It generally requires strong credentials or income in an approved… residency Estonia Estonia Startup Visa This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Estonia. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… residency Czech Republic Czech Long-Stay Visa for Business Czechia's business residence route is for non-EU citizens who will run a real business, work as self-employed, hold a trade license, or serve in a Czech… residency Czech Republic Czech Residence and Work Permit The Czech employee card is a combined long-term residence and work route for a third-country national with a qualifying Czech job. It is available across… residency Czech Republic Czech Skilled Worker Residence Card Czechia's EU Blue Card is for a third-country national with a highly qualified Czech job, a compliant contract, the current 1.5-times-average-salary… residency Greece Greece Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Greece. It generally requires higher education or… residency Andorra Andorra Residence and Work Authorization This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying job offer, employer sponsorship, or skilled-work profile in Andorra. It generally requires the role… residency Andorra Andorra Residence for Entrepreneurs This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Andorra. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… residency Andorra Andorra Self-Employed Work Permit This residence pathway is for founders, business owners, or self-employed applicants who will run real activity in Andorra. It generally requires a… residency Poland Poland Intra-Company Transfer Permit A non-EU manager, specialist, or trainee can transfer from a company outside the EU to a related host entity in Poland. The Polish host files the ICT… residency Poland Poland Researcher Residence Poland's researcher residence route is for people carrying out scientific research or development work with a Polish research organization. It generally… residency Poland Poland Residence for Business Activity Poland's business residence route is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who will conduct real business activity in Poland, including some self-employed… residency Poland Poland Seasonal Work Residence Non-EU nationals can carry out qualifying seasonal work in Poland for up to 9 months in a calendar year. The employer must obtain a Type S seasonal work… residency Poland Poland Skilled Worker Residence Card Poland's EU Blue Card is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens taking highly qualified work in Poland. It generally requires a qualifying contract, higher… residency Poland Poland Temporary Residence and Work Permit Poland's temporary residence and work permit is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who will live in Poland to work for a Polish employer or other qualifying… residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Exceptional Talent Residence Saudi Arabia's gifted product is for people with officially recognized exceptional achievement in sports, culture, or the arts and the required… residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Expert Professional Residence Saudi Arabia's exceptional-competence product is for senior health, science, research, and executive professionals who meet demanding contract, pay,… residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Startup Founder Residence Saudi Arabia's entrepreneur product is for startup founders who secure qualifying funding from an accredited entity and retain the required ownership stake… residency Portugal Portugal Athlete Work Residence Portugal has a work-residence route for some professional sports activity. It generally requires a documented role with a Portuguese club, federation,… residency Portugal Portugal Employed Work Residence Portugal's employed-work residence route is for non-EU citizens with a qualifying job contract or promise of work in Portugal. It generally requires a… residency Portugal Portugal Entrepreneur Visa This residence pathway is for founders and business owners who will run a real business activity in Portugal. It generally requires a credible business… residency Portugal Portugal Independent Professional Residence Portugal's independent professional route is for people who will work for themselves in Portugal as freelancers, professionals, or small-business… residency Portugal Portugal Intra-Company Transfer Residence Portugal has ICT and mobile ICT residence routes for managers, specialists, and trainee employees transferred within the same company group. It can apply… residency Portugal Portugal Religious Residence Portugal's fixed-residence visa can cover religious purposes, including religious training in a congregation or recognized religious activity. The… residency Portugal Portugal Researcher Residence Portugal has a residence route for researchers hosted by a Portuguese research center or university. It generally requires a host agreement, work contract,… residency Portugal Portugal Residence for Cultural Professionals Portugal has a residence route for some cultural activity, including artistic, creative, or cultural work with a Portuguese host or organization. It… residency Portugal Portugal Skilled Job Seeker Visa Portugal's job-seeker route is for people who want to enter Portugal to look for qualifying work, subject to the current visa rules in force. It generally… residency Portugal Portugal Skilled Professional Work Residence Portugal's highly qualified activity route is for people with advanced qualifications or specialized professional experience who will work in a highly… residency Portugal Portugal Skilled Worker Residence Card Portugal's EU Blue Card route is for highly qualified non-EU workers with a qualifying job offer in Portugal. It generally requires higher education or… residency Portugal Portugal Startup Founder Visa Portugal's StartUP Visa is a residence route for founders of innovative companies integrated with a certified incubator. It is narrower than the D2… residency Portugal Portugal Technology Professional Work Visa Portugal's Tech Visa is for highly qualified tech and knowledge-work professionals hired by an IAPMEI-certified Portuguese employer. It generally requires… residency Chile Chile Employee Temporary Residence Chile's employee route has two distinct starting points: a signed employment contract with an employer domiciled or operating through a branch in Chile, or… residency Chile Chile Self-Employment Temporary Residence Chile's self-employed branch is for a person who, before entering Chile, signs a qualifying contract to provide non-physical or specialized professional… residency Slovakia Slovakia Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Slovakia. It generally requires higher education or… residency Turkey Türkiye Skilled Worker Residence Card Türkiye's Turquoise Card is for highly qualified workers, investors, scientists, artists, athletes, and others whose profile is considered valuable to… residency Turkey Türkiye Work Visa and Work Permit Türkiye's standard fixed-term work permit is for a foreign worker with a specific job or service contract and an employer that will file through the… residency Argentina Argentina Work Visa Argentina's migrant-worker route is one-year renewable temporary residence for a person entering an employee relationship with an Argentine employer that… residency Uruguay Uruguay Residence for Local Employment A person taking a job in Uruguay for at least six months can use the ordinary temporary-residence process with evidence from the Uruguayan employer. residency Romania Romania Skilled Worker Residence Card This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Romania. It generally requires higher education or… residency Bahamas Bahamas Work Permit A Bahamas work permit is tied to specified work: ordinarily a named job and Bahamian employer, or a documented self-employed activity. The exact filing and… residency Georgia Georgia Work Residence Permit for Employees This route is for a foreign employee whose Georgian employer obtains a right-to-work decision and who can meet the separate work-residence requirements. residency Georgia Georgia Work Residence for Entrepreneurs Georgia uses its work residence permit for a foreign entrepreneur or self-employed person who carries out real economic activity in Georgia and obtains the… residency Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Work Permit A foreign national with a real Trinidad and Tobago job opportunity may be able to work there after the employer and worker complete the work-permit… residency Malaysia Malaysia Employment Pass This is a Malaysia work-residence route for foreign professionals sponsored by an employer. It generally requires a qualifying job, acceptable salary, and… residency Thailand Thailand Long-Stay Visa for Wealth or Skills Thailand's BOI-administered Long-Term Resident visa is for four narrowly defined groups: Wealthy Global Citizens, Wealthy Pensioners, Work-from-Thailand… residency Thailand Thailand Non-Immigrant B Work Visa The employment form of Thailand's Non-Immigrant B visa is for a foreign worker with a real job and a Thai employer able to obtain the required labor… residency Bulgaria Bulgaria EU Blue Card for Skilled Workers This is an EU Blue Card residence pathway for highly qualified workers with a qualifying job offer in Bulgaria. It generally requires higher education or… residency Bulgaria Bulgaria Startup Visa Eligibility Certificate This residence pathway is for founders building a startup or innovative business in Bulgaria. It generally requires an eligible business idea, enough… other Barbados Barbados Economic Immigrant Status A permitted entrant working full-time for specified Barbados public bodies, or someone successfully established or likely to become established in a… residency Barbados Barbados Work Permit A foreign national with a real Barbados job opportunity may be able to work there after the employer and worker complete the work-permit process. Approval… residency Grenada Grenada Work Permit A foreign national with a real Grenada job opportunity may be able to work there after the employer and worker complete the work-permit process. residency Mauritius Mauritius Business Investor Residence Mauritius's investor occupation permit is for entrepreneurs investing at least USD $100,000 in a local business that can meet the current turnover… residency Mauritius Mauritius Self-Employed Residence Mauritius's self-employed occupation permit is for an individual professional running a Mauritius service business that can meet the current income… residency Mauritius Mauritius Skilled Employee Residence Mauritius's professional occupation permit combines residence and work permission for foreign employees earning at least the current minimum basic monthly… residency Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Skilled Worker Permit Bosnia and Herzegovina's Blue Card is a national temporary-residence route for highly qualified employment. It is not the European Union Blue Card and does… residency Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Work Residence This route is for a foreign worker with a specific Bosnia and Herzegovina employer that can obtain the required work permit and support the… residency Armenia Armenia Residence through Business Activity Armenia can grant residence to a founder, business owner, or self-employed person who carries on genuine entrepreneurial activity there. The official route… residency Mexico Mexico Employer-Sponsored Work Residence Mexico's employer-offer route is for a person with a concrete paid job offer from a legally established employer in Mexico. The employer must hold a… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Temporary Labor Residence RT-3 is a one-year temporary residence permit for a foreign national entering the Dominican Republic specifically to work under a qualifying employment… residency Ecuador Ecuador Residence for Dependent Work A temporary-residence route for a foreign national with a genuine job in Ecuador. The employer must provide and register the required employment evidence… residency Ecuador Ecuador Work Visa for Qualified Professionals A temporary-residence route for a person with a qualifying professional, technical, technologist, or artisan credential recognized by the responsible… residency Peru Peru Worker Resident Status Peru's Worker Resident category is for a foreign national with a Peruvian employment, administrative, or independent-service relationship lasting at least… residency Brazil Brazil Work Visa This pathway covers ordinary paid employment in Brazil under the employer-sponsored work-residence rules. A Brazilian employer or institution normally… residency Colombia Colombia Migrant Worker Visa This migrant visa is for a person with a qualifying employment contract from a Colombian legal entity. The employer, contract, role, and applicant's… residency Fiji Fiji Work Permit A non-citizen with a real Fiji job offer may obtain a short- or long-term work permit when the employer supports the application and the employment meets… residency Paraguay Paraguay Business Investor Residence A foreign investor with a qualifying productive project in Paraguayan industry, commerce, or services can seek a Foreign Investor Certificate and direct… residency Paraguay Paraguay Residence Pathway for Employees Paraguay does not publish a separate employer-sponsored work visa for ordinary employees. A person taking lawful employment generally applies for standard… residency Vietnam Vietnam Work Visa Vietnam's LĐ2 status is for a foreign worker with a Vietnamese work permit; LĐ1 is for a worker whose work-permit exemption has been established under… residency Vietnam Vietnam Work Visa for Exceptional Talent Vietnam does not have one general talent visa based on a degree, occupation, or salary. Two current priority mechanisms are the special visa-exemption card… residency South Africa South Africa Business Owner Residence South Africa's business visa is for owners investing in and actively operating a local business that meets the current capital, recommendation,… residency South Africa South Africa Critical Skills Work Visa South Africa's Critical Skills Work Visa is for applicants who have a South African job offer in an occupation on the official Critical Skills List. It… residency South Africa South Africa General Work Residence South Africa's general work visa is for foreign employees with a confirmed local role who reach the current points threshold outside the critical-skills… residency Philippines Philippines Pre-Arranged Employment Visa The Philippines' 9(g) visa is for a foreign national taking pre-arranged employment with a specific Philippine employer that will act as the immigration… residency Belize Belize Temporary Employment Permit A foreigner who intends to work in Belize needs a Temporary Employment Permit. An employer applies for an employee; a self-employed foreigner applies for… residency El Salvador El Salvador Work Residence El Salvador's F3 route covers specified foreign workers and independent workers who can document a real local work activity and obtain the required work… residency

United Arab Emirates UAE Remote Work Residence Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in the United Arab Emirates while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires… residency South Korea South Korea Remote Work Visa South Korea's F-1-D workation status is for adults employed by a foreign company or operating an overseas business who have at least one year in the same… residency Japan Japan Digital Nomad Visa Japan's Digital Nomad visa is a six-month, non-extendable route for citizens of designated countries or regions who work remotely for an overseas employer… residency Malta Malta Nomad Residence Permit This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Malta while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Spain Spain Digital Nomad Visa Spain's international teleworker route is for remote employees of foreign businesses and remote professionals whose Spanish business activity is no more… residency Cyprus Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Cyprus while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Italy Italy Digital Nomad Visa Italy's digital-nomad and remote-worker route is for highly qualified non-EU workers who can do their work remotely from Italy. The employer or client may… residency Estonia Estonia Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Estonia while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Czech Republic Czechia Digital Nomad Visa Route Czechia's Digital Nomad Program is a two-step route for specified IT and marketing professionals. Program acceptance supports a later long-term visa… residency Greece Greece Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Greece while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Andorra Andorra Digital Nomad Residence This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Andorra while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Croatia Croatia Digital Nomad Residence Croatia's digital-nomad temporary stay is for third-country remote workers whose work is performed through communication technology for a company or own… residency Portugal Portugal Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Portugal while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Turkey Türkiye Digital Nomad Visa Türkiye's Digital Nomad route is for citizens of the countries on the official list who are age 21 through 55, are university graduates, and can document… residency Argentina Argentina Digital Nomad Visa Argentina's digital-nomad status is a transitory stay of up to 180 days for visa-exempt nationals who work remotely for people or organizations based… residency Uruguay Uruguay Digital Nomad Residence Permit Remote workers serving organizations outside Uruguay can obtain a provisional identity card for an initial period of less than 180 days and renew it once… residency Romania Romania Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Romania while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Panama Panama Short-Stay Visa for Remote Workers Panama's Short-Stay Visa as a Remote Worker is a non-resident visa for an employee of a qualifying foreign company or a self-employed person whose work,… residency Malaysia Malaysia Digital Nomad Pass Malaysia's DE Rantau route is for digital professionals and remote workers who want to live in Malaysia while working online. It generally requires… residency Costa Rica Costa Rica Digital Nomad Visa Costa Rica's digital-nomad program is a non-resident stay for people providing paid remote services to a person or company outside Costa Rica. It requires… residency Thailand Thailand Remote Work and Activity Visa The Destination Thailand Visa is a five-year, multiple-entry visitor visa for documented remote work, specified Thai activities or medical treatment, and… residency Barbados Barbados Remote Work Visa The Barbados Welcome Stamp is a 12-month visa for a non-citizen whose location-independent work and income remain outside Barbados. The current program… residency Mauritius Mauritius Remote Work and Long-Stay Visa The Mauritius Premium Visa is a renewable long-stay route for remote workers, retirees, and long-stay visitors whose main business or income source stays… residency Albania Albania Digital Mobile Worker Permit Albania's digital mobile worker single permit is for a foreign national lawfully in Albania who works remotely under a valid employment or service contract… residency Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Digital Nomad Visa Sri Lanka's Digital Nomad Visa is a one-year, renewable route for adults who work remotely for an employer or clients outside Sri Lanka, freelance for… residency Montserrat Montserrat Remote Work Visa Montserrat's Remote Worker Stamp is a one-year pathway for remote employees, freelancers, and business owners who can work through telecommunications… residency Ecuador Ecuador Digital Nomad Visa A temporary-residence route for people who work remotely for an employer, clients, or a business domiciled outside Ecuador. It requires the exact income… residency Moldova Moldova Digital Nomad Residence This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Moldova while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Brazil Brazil Digital Nomad Visa This residence pathway is for remote workers who want to live in Brazil while their work stays outside the country. It generally requires foreign-source… residency Colombia Colombia Digital Nomad Visitor Visa This visitor visa is for qualifying visa-exempt passport holders who work remotely only for foreign businesses or clients, or who will develop a qualifying… residency Dominica Dominica Work in Nature Visa Dominica's active Work in Nature Visa lets an adult remote worker and qualifying family members stay for up to 18 months while work remains for companies… residency South Africa South Africa Remote Worker Residence South Africa's remote work visa lets a foreign employee live in the country while continuing work for an employer based outside South Africa. residency Indonesia Indonesia Remote Worker Residence Indonesia's overseas remote-worker visa is for people who live in Indonesia while continuing qualifying work for an employer based outside the country. residency Belize Belize Remote Work Permit Belize's Long Stay Visitor Permit allows a qualifying remote worker and eligible dependents to enter and remain for up to six months in a calendar year. It… residency Namibia Namibia Digital Nomad Visa Namibia's Digital Nomad Visa is a short remote-work pathway for applicants who can document remote employment or income, recent bank statements, and… residency Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Remote Work Visa Cabo Verde's Remote Working Program is a temporary remote-work stay for self-employed workers and digital nomads who can work online without a fixed… residency

Switzerland Switzerland Self-Funded Retirement Residence This residence pathway is for financially self-supporting applicants who want to live in Switzerland without relying on local employment. It generally… residency Ireland Ireland Residence for Self-Funded People Ireland's Stamp 0 route is for financially independent people, often retirees, who can support themselves without working in Ireland. It generally requires… residency Belgium Belgium Retirement Visa Belgium accepts discretionary long-stay applications from some retirees who can support themselves and show significant, documented ties to Belgium.… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Retirement Visa This residence pathway is for retirees or pension recipients who want to live in the United Arab Emirates. It generally requires stable pension or… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Self-Funded Private Residence This private-reasons residence route is for non-EU citizens supported by income from professional activity in another EU or Schengen country, or by a… residency Austria Austria Self-Funded Settlement Permit This residence pathway is for financially self-supporting applicants who want to live in Austria without relying on local employment. It generally requires… residency Spain Spain Non-Lucrative Residence Visa Spain's non-lucrative residence route is for a non-EU/EEA/Swiss applicant who can meet the IPREM-based resources test and live in Spain without employment,… residency France France Long-Stay Visitor Visa France's long-stay visitor route is for non-EU citizens who can support themselves while living in France without working. It requires sufficient… residency Italy Italy Elective Residence Visa Italy's elective-residence visa is for non-EU applicants who intend to settle in Italy and can live from high, stable, recurring resources without working.… residency Greece Greece Self-Funded Residence Visa Greece's financially independent route is for people who can support themselves without working locally. It generally requires stable income or resources,… residency Portugal Portugal Passive Income or Retirement Visa This residence pathway is for financially self-supporting applicants who want to live in Portugal without relying on local employment. It generally… residency Chile Chile Residence for Pension or Other Income Chile has a temporary-residence category for a qualifying pensioner or a person with regular income from real estate or financial assets. The applicant… residency Argentina Argentina Pensioner Visa Argentina's pensionado route is one-year renewable temporary residence for a person with a regular, permanent qualifying pension worth at least five times… residency Argentina Argentina Visa for Independent-Income Earners Argentina's rentista route is one-year renewable temporary residence for a person receiving regular income from their own assets abroad, rather than… residency Uruguay Uruguay Permanent Residence Through Income A person intending to settle permanently in Uruguay may use reliable passive income as proof of means of living in the general permanent-residence process. residency Uruguay Uruguay Permanent Residence for Pensioners A person retired abroad can seek permanent residence with special relocation benefits by proving at least USD $1,500 a month in retirement or other foreign… residency Bahamas Bahamas Annual Residence Permit The Permit to Reside is temporary permission to live in The Bahamas for an approved purpose other than work. The official page expressly covers students… residency Panama Panama Pensioner Visa Panama's Pensionado permit is an indefinite permanent-residence category for a person receiving a documented lifetime pension from a foreign government,… residency Costa Rica Costa Rica Independent-Income Residence Costa Rica's rentista category is temporary residence for a person who can prove at least USD $2,500 a month of permanent, stable income for no less than… residency Costa Rica Costa Rica Pensioner Residence Costa Rica's pensionado category is temporary residence for a person who can prove a monthly, permanent, stable pension from abroad of at least USD $1,000.… residency Thailand Thailand Non-Immigrant O-A Retirement Visa Thailand's Non-Immigrant O-A long-stay visa is an overseas application for people aged 50 or older who want a stay of up to one year without working. It… residency Barbados Barbados Retirement Immigrant Status A person who wants to live in retirement in Barbados and has sufficient means to support themselves and their dependents may apply for immigrant status… residency Mauritius Mauritius Retirement Residence Mauritius offers a renewable ten-year residence permit to non-citizens aged 50 or older who can transfer at least USD $2,000 monthly or USD $24,000 yearly. residency Mexico Mexico Permanent Residence for Retirees Mexico's direct financial Permanent Resident visa is officially framed for retirees or pensioners who meet the higher pension-income or savings threshold.… residency Mexico Mexico Residence Through Income or Savings Mexico's financial-solvency Temporary Resident visa is for a planned stay longer than 180 days and up to four years, based on qualifying income or average… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Independent-Income Residence This Law 171-07 route is for a person with at least USD $2,000 a month of stable, permanent income whose underlying capital or source comes from abroad,… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Pensioner Residence This Law 171-07 route is for a person receiving at least USD $1,500 each month from a foreign government, official body, or private-company pension, plus… residency Ecuador Ecuador Independent-Income Visa A temporary-residence route for a person who can document regular personal income from lawful rents, investment instruments, or similar sources. The income… residency Ecuador Ecuador Pensioner Visa A temporary-residence route for a person receiving a foreign retirement pension of at least three unified basic salaries per month. The pension must be… residency Peru Peru Residence for Independent-Income Earners Peru's Rentista category gives indefinite residence to a foreign national with a permanent pension or other permanent income. Savings alone and ordinary… residency Brazil Brazil Retirement Visa Brazil's retirement residence is for a retired person or beneficiary of a survivor's pension who can transfer at least USD $2,000 per month to Brazil.… residency Colombia Colombia Independent Income Visa This visitor visa is for a person who can prove lawful recurring private income of at least ten Colombian monthly minimum wages. It can be issued for up to… residency Colombia Colombia Pensioner Visa This migrant visa is for a person with a lifetime pension paid by a government or private pension fund at or above three Colombian monthly minimum wages.… residency Fiji Fiji Residence on Assured Income This residence pathway is for financially self-supporting applicants who want to live in Fiji without relying on local employment. It generally requires… residency Paraguay Paraguay Residence Pathway for Pensioners Paraguay does not publish a separate rentista permit with a fixed monthly-income threshold. A pensioner generally uses ordinary temporary residence and… residency South Africa South Africa Retirement Residence South Africa's retired-person visa is currently based on a qualifying pension, annuity, retirement account, or net-worth-derived payment of at least ZAR… residency Indonesia Indonesia Retirement Residence Indonesia offers long-term retirement residence to applicants aged 55 or older who can document substantial monthly income and the required bank deposit. residency Indonesia Indonesia Second Home Residence Indonesia's second-home route offers long-term residence to financially established applicants who can meet the current property or financial guarantee… residency Philippines Philippines Retirement Residence Visa The Philippines' Special Resident Retiree's Visa is for applicants age 40 or older who can make the deposit required for their age and pension category. It… residency Belize Belize Residence for Retirees Belize's QRP is an annually maintained residence program for qualifying-country applicants aged 40 or older who receive at least USD $2,000 monthly or USD… residency El Salvador El Salvador Pension or Income Residence El Salvador has separate temporary-residence categories for a stable foreign pension and for stable foreign-generated rent or passive income, with… residency Vanuatu Vanuatu Self-Funded Resident Visa Vanuatu's self-funded residence visa requires monthly income certified by a bank operating in Vanuatu: at least VUV 250,000 for one applicant or VUV… residency

Hong Kong Hong Kong Investment Residence Hong Kong's capital-investment route is for adults who can prove substantial recent net assets and place at least HKD 30 million into permitted… residency Singapore Singapore Investor Permanent Residence Singapore's Global Investor Programme can grant permanent residence to a small group of established global business owners, fast-growth founders,… residency New Zealand New Zealand Active Investor Plus Visa This residence pathway is for investors who can commit substantial funds to approved investments in New Zealand. It generally requires a qualifying… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Investor Residence Visa The UAE real-estate Golden Visa is for property owners whose UAE property meets the official value and ownership rules. It generally requires… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Public Investment Golden Visa The UAE may grant a 10-year Golden Residence to an investor who places at least AED 2 million in an accepted public-investment form or owns a qualifying… residency South Korea South Korea Investor or Startup Visa South Korea's D-8 category covers several different business routes, including investment in a Korean corporation or individual business, a certified… residency South Korea South Korea Public Investment Residence South Korea's Immigrant Investor Scheme for Public Business grants F-2 resident status to qualifying investors in an approved public fund or designated… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Investor Residence Permit This residence pathway is for applicants who can make one of Luxembourg's approved business, investment-structure, or bank-deposit investments. It… residency United States U.S. Investor Green Card EB-5 is a green card route for investors who place a large qualifying investment into a U.S. commercial enterprise and plan to create at least 10 full-time… residency United States U.S. Treaty Investor Visa The E-2 is a temporary U.S. route for nationals of treaty countries who invest a substantial amount of capital in a real, active U.S. business. It… residency Malta Malta Permanent Residence Programme Malta's permanent residence program is for financially qualified non-EU applicants who can meet the required contribution, property, and asset rules. It… residency Cyprus Cyprus Permanent Residence by Investment Cyprus's investor Immigration Permit is a permanent residence route for third-country nationals who invest at least €300,000 in qualifying Cyprus… residency Italy Italy Investor Visa Italy's Investor Visa is for applicants making an accepted investment such as government bonds, an Italian company, an innovative startup, or a… residency Greece Greece Investor Residence Permit This residence pathway is for applicants who can make and maintain a qualifying real-estate, financial, or registered-startup investment in Greece. Each… residency Bahrain Bahrain Golden Residence Bahrain's Golden Residency offers permanent residence to qualifying long-term professionals, property owners, retirees, and people recognized for… residency Andorra Andorra Residence for Self-Funded People Andorra's residence without work is for financially self-supporting applicants who want to live in Andorra without local employment. It generally requires… residency Qatar Qatar Property Owner Residence Qatar offers sponsor-free residence to qualifying non-Qatari property owners, with an enhanced benefits tier for substantially higher-value real estate. residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Business Investor Residence Saudi Arabia's business-investor product can grant permanent Premium Residency to an applicant investing at least SAR 7 million and meeting the current… residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Property Owner Residence Saudi Arabia's real-estate-owner product links Premium Residency to ownership or qualifying rights in residential property worth at least SAR 4 million. residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Renewable Premium Residence Saudi Arabia's limited-duration product offers renewable Premium Residency for one or more years at the current annual fee, without requiring a separate… residency Saudi Arabia Saudi Unlimited Premium Residence Saudi Arabia's unlimited-duration product offers Premium Residency without a fixed end date after payment of the current SAR 800,000 one-time fee and… residency Portugal Portugal Golden Visa Portugal's Golden Visa is for applicants making an accepted investment, now focused on routes such as qualifying funds, cultural support, research, or… residency Latvia Latvia Investor Residence Permit Latvia can issue temporary residence permits to investors who make a qualifying company, real-estate, bank, or government-securities investment and pay the… residency Chile Chile Investor Temporary Residence Chile's investor permit is a narrow company-role route. It covers specified leaders of a foreign company pursuing a productive investment of at least USD… residency Turkey Turkish Citizenship by Investment Türkiye's exceptional citizenship route is for applicants who complete one of the investment or job-creation options set by the government and obtain the… citizenship Turkey Türkiye Short-Term Residence Permit Türkiye's short-term residence permit is for a specific purpose listed in Article 31, such as owning and using a qualifying home, documented tourism,… residency Hungary Hungary Guest Investor Residence Permit Hungary's guest investor residence permit is for third-country nationals whose qualifying investment is treated as being in Hungary's national economic… residency Argentina Argentina Investor Visa Argentina's investor residence is for a person using their own assets for an operating productive, commercial, or service project that Argentina considers… residency Uruguay Uruguay Business Owner Permanent Residence Uruguay has no stand-alone investor visa or golden visa. A person running or earning income from a Uruguayan business may instead use that real business… residency Bahamas Bahamas Permanent Residence by Investment The Bahamas economic permanent residence route is for investors making a substantial qualifying investment, usually in real estate or approved financial… residency Bahamas Bahamas Residence Card for Homeowners The Bahamas Home Owner Resident Permit is for a non-Bahamian who owns a habitable home in The Bahamas while maintaining a primary home outside the country… residency Panama Panama Friendly Nations Residence Panama's Friendly Nations category is limited to nationals of countries named in the governing decrees who will carry out a qualifying economic or… residency Panama Panama Qualified Investor Visa Panama's Qualified Investor program provides a direct permanent-residence application through one of three documented investments: at least PAB 300,000 in… residency Panama Panama Reforestation Investor Visa Panama's permanent-residence category for forestry investors requires a direct investment in reforestation, forest plantation or another activity… residency Georgia Georgia Investment Residence Permit Georgia's investment residence permit is based on at least USD $300,000 invested in Georgia or applicant-owned non-agricultural property whose certified… residency Georgia Georgia Property-Owner Residence Georgia's short-term property residence permit is for a foreign owner of non-agricultural real estate in Georgia whose certified market value exceeds USD… residency Oman Oman Golden Investor Residence Oman's Golden Residency offers a renewable ten-year status through qualifying property, business, bonds, listed shares, fixed deposits, major job creation,… residency Malaysia Malaysia 20-Year Long-Stay Visa Malaysia's active Premium Visa Programme is a 20-year long-stay route for applicants who meet one of the program's high financial-capacity tests and also… residency Malaysia Malaysia Long-Stay Residence Program Malaysia My Second Home is a long-stay route with four current national categories: Platinum, Gold, Silver, and SEZ/SFZ. Each has its own age, US-dollar… residency Costa Rica Costa Rica Investor Residence Costa Rica's investor category is temporary residence for a foreign national who makes and documents at least USD $150,000 in one of the investment forms… residency Saint Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts Citizenship Investment: Donation The Sustainable Island State Contribution is a non-refundable citizenship-program payment. It starts at USD $250,000 for a main applicant or a family of up… citizenship Saint Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts Citizenship Investment: Real Estate This route is for an adult who can buy qualifying real estate under the Citizenship Programme. Approved developer property and designated private… citizenship Barbados Barbados Special Residence Permit Barbados's Special Entry and Reside Permit is a discretionary residence route for eligible high-net-worth applicants, retired property owners and people… residency Grenada Grenada Citizenship Investment: Donation Grenada's citizenship-by-investment program has a non-refundable National Transformation Fund contribution starting at USD $235,000 for a main applicant… citizenship Grenada Grenada Citizenship Investment: Project Grenada's approved-project citizenship route generally requires at least USD $350,000 in an approved project. A narrowly defined tourism-accommodation… citizenship Mauritius Mauritius Golden Investor Residence Mauritius's new Golden Visa offers a renewable two-year status and a route to permanent residence after a USD $1 million investment in an approved… residency Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Citizenship by Investment: Donation Antigua and Barbuda's Citizenship by Investment Programme has a non-refundable National Development Fund contribution starting at USD $230,000 per… citizenship Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Citizenship by Investment: Property This citizenship-by-investment option requires at least USD $300,000 in a project approved by Antigua and Barbuda's Citizenship by Investment Unit. The… citizenship Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia Residence Through Real Estate Bosnia and Herzegovina may grant temporary residence to a registered property owner who also proves an effective connection to the country. Property… residency Mexico Mexico Residence by Business Investment Mexico's investor Temporary Resident route requires documented paid-in participation above the official threshold in a Mexican company, together with the… residency Mexico Mexico Residence by Property Ownership Mexico's real-estate Temporary Resident route is for an applicant who already owns Mexican property above the official threshold and can prove personal… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Investor Residence This route is for an ordinary direct investor with at least USD $200,000 of qualifying, registered investment in the Dominican Republic. A separately… residency Saint Lucia St. Lucia Citizenship Investment: Bonds This citizenship-by-investment pathway is for adult applicants and qualifying family members who can make the approved Saint Lucia government-bond… citizenship Saint Lucia St. Lucia Citizenship Investment: Business This pathway is for an adult who can invest in a qualifying Saint Lucian enterprise project as a developer, joint investor, or applicant in an approved… citizenship Saint Lucia St. Lucia Citizenship Investment: Donation This citizenship-by-investment pathway is for adult applicants and qualifying family members who can make a government contribution or donation. It… citizenship Saint Lucia St. Lucia Citizenship Investment: Real Estate This citizenship-by-investment pathway is for adult applicants and qualifying family members who can invest in government-approved real estate in Saint… citizenship Ecuador Ecuador Investor Visa A temporary-residence route based on a qualifying Ecuadorian deposit or security, real estate, company equity, or certain current contracts with the… residency Moldova Moldova Temporary Residence by Investment Moldova can grant temporary residence to a foreign shareholder or partner in a Moldovan legal entity who meets either the investment-value test or the… residency North Macedonia North Macedonia Citizenship by Economic Merit North Macedonia can grant citizenship for special economic interest where the applicant meets official investment criteria and the government accepts the… citizenship Brazil Brazil Investor Residence for Businesses Brazil's business-investor route is for a foreign individual investing their own external funds in a Brazilian company. The standard threshold is BRL… residency Brazil Brazil Property Investor Residence Brazil's real-estate investor route is for a foreign individual buying qualifying urban property with their own funds transferred from abroad. The minimum… residency Colombia Colombia Investor Residence Visa Colombia has separate migrant routes for a qualifying company owner, a property investor, and a larger direct foreign investor. Each track has its own… residency Jordan Jordanian Citizenship by Investment Jordan can grant citizenship to qualifying investors through business, shares, existing investments, or job-creation pathways. It is an active,… citizenship Dominica Dominica Citizenship Investment: Donation Dominica's Economic Diversification Fund route requires a non-refundable contribution starting at USD $200,000 for one main applicant or USD $250,000 for a… citizenship Dominica Dominica Citizenship Investment: Real Estate Dominica's real-estate citizenship route requires at least USD $200,000 in a Government-approved project, plus Government fees starting at USD $75,000 and… citizenship Fiji Fiji Investor Permit Fiji's investor permit is for an adult foreign investor who will invest in and operate a Fiji business. The current application page requires a registered… residency Paraguay Paraguay Permanent Residence by Investment The 2026 Paraguay Investor Pass lets a qualifying foreign investor seek direct permanent residence through a tourism project of at least USD $150,000,… residency Vietnam Vietnam Investor Visa Vietnam's DT1–DT4 investor visas are for foreign investors whose capital contribution or investment project is formally documented in Vietnam. The… residency Indonesia Indonesia Investor Residence Indonesia's Golden Visa routes offer five- or ten-year residence to major business investors and qualifying buyers of approved financial assets or… residency Philippines Philippines Investor Residence Visa The Special Investor's Resident Visa is for an eligible foreign national age 21 or older who remits and maintains at least USD $75,000 in an investment… residency El Salvador El Salvador Citizenship by Investment The active government Freedom Visa site offers an expedited naturalization program based on a USD $1,000,000 contribution paid in Bitcoin or USDT, subject… citizenship El Salvador El Salvador Investor Residence The standard F4 investor route is for a qualifying leader or owner of a Salvadoran enterprise backed by an active, officially registered foreign-capital… residency Vanuatu Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment This citizenship-by-investment pathway is for adult applicants and qualifying family members who can make a government contribution or donation. It… citizenship Vanuatu Vanuatu Investor Residence Visas Vanuatu currently publishes four investor categories with different purposes and durations: a 12-month provisional visa, a three-year operating-business… residency Nauru Nauru Citizenship Investment for Climate Nauru's Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship pathway is for adult applicants and qualifying family members who can make the required contribution,… citizenship

Switzerland Swiss Citizenship Through a Swiss Spouse Swiss facilitated naturalization through marriage is for spouses of Swiss citizens, with different rules depending on whether the couple lives in… citizenship Switzerland Switzerland Family Residence Switzerland's family residence framework lets qualifying partners, children, and certain other close family members join a citizen or lawful resident under… residency Norway Norway Family Residence Norway's family residence framework lets qualifying partners, children, and certain other close family members join a citizen or lawful resident under… residency Iceland Iceland Family Reunification Residence Iceland family reunification can let close family members join someone who has a right to live in Iceland. Common categories include spouses and cohabiting… residency Iceland Iceland Residence for European Family Non-EEA spouses and partners may be able to live in Iceland with an EEA, EFTA, or Swiss citizen under European free-movement family rules. residency Denmark Denmark Family Residence Denmark's family residence framework lets qualifying partners, children, and certain other close family members join a citizen or lawful resident under… residency Sweden Sweden Family Residence Sweden's family residence framework lets qualifying partners, children, and certain other close family members join a citizen or lawful resident under… residency Germany Germany Family Residence Permit Germany's family reunification pathway is for spouses, registered civil partners, and minor children joining a qualifying family member in Germany. It… residency Ireland Ireland European Family Residence Ireland EU Treaty Rights residence is for non-EEA family members of EU, EEA, or Swiss citizens who are exercising free-movement rights in Ireland. It… residency Ireland Ireland Residence With Irish Family Ireland's Join Family route is for close family members of Irish citizens who want to live together in Ireland. It generally requires a qualifying family… residency Ireland Ireland Residence for Unmarried Partners Ireland's de facto partner permission is for unmarried long-term partners of an Irish citizen or another eligible sponsor living in Ireland. It generally… residency Australia Australia Aged Dependent Relative Visa Australia's Aged Dependent Relative visa is a permanent route for a single older person who depends financially on an eligible relative in Australia. It… residency Australia Australia Carer Visa Australia's Carer visa lets someone move permanently to Australia to care for a relative, or a member of that relative's household, who has a long-term… residency Australia Australia Child Visa Australia's Child visa lets a dependent child live permanently in Australia with a parent who is an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident, or… residency Australia Australia Dependent Child Visa Australia's Dependent Child visa lets a dependent child stay in Australia temporarily while their parent's permanent Partner visa is being processed. It is… residency Australia Australia Orphan Relative Visa Australia's Orphan Relative visa lets a child live permanently in Australia with an eligible relative when the child's parents are deceased, cannot care… residency Australia Australia Parent Residence Visas Australia's permanent Parent visas let a parent of a settled Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen move to… residency Australia Australia Partner Visa, Offshore Australia's offshore Partner visa is for a spouse, de facto partner, or registered partner of an eligible Australian sponsor who applies from outside… residency Australia Australia Partner Visa, Onshore Australia's onshore Partner visa is for a spouse, de facto partner, or registered partner of an eligible Australian sponsor who is applying from inside… residency Australia Australia Prospective Marriage Visa Subclass 300 lets an applicant outside Australia enter for 9 to 15 months to marry an eligible Australian-based prospective spouse. After marrying, the… residency Australia Australia Remaining Relative Visa Australia's Remaining Relative visa is a permanent route for people whose only near relatives live in Australia as Australian citizens, permanent… residency Australia Australia Temporary Sponsored Parent Visa Australia's Sponsored Parent visa lets a parent of an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen visit Australia… residency Netherlands Netherlands Child Residence with a Parent A child under 18 may be able to live in the Netherlands with a parent who is Dutch or has a qualifying Dutch residence permit. residency Netherlands Netherlands Partner Residence Permit The Netherlands partner residence permit is for spouses, registered partners, and unmarried partners joining a Dutch citizen or qualifying Dutch… residency Netherlands Netherlands Residence With Dutch Child A non-EU parent, caregiver, or minor sibling may be able to live in the Netherlands when a minor Dutch child depends on their care. residency Netherlands Netherlands Residence for European Family Non-EU spouses and partners may be able to live in the Netherlands with an EU, EEA, or Swiss citizen under EU free-movement rules. residency Finland Finland Family Residence Finland's family residence framework lets qualifying partners, children, and certain other close family members join a citizen or lawful resident under… residency Belgium Belgian Citizenship by Marriage Declaration Belgium's marriage nationality declaration is for spouses of Belgian citizens who have built a life in Belgium. It generally requires five years of legal… citizenship Belgium Belgium Residence With Belgian Family Belgium's family reunification route lets certain non-EU family members join a Belgian citizen in Belgium. It generally covers spouses, qualifying… residency Belgium Belgium Residence With Non-EU Family Belgium's family reunification route can let certain family members join a non-EU citizen who is legally living in Belgium. It generally requires a… residency Belgium Belgium Residence for European Families Non-EU spouses and partners may be able to live in Belgium with an EU, EEA, or Swiss citizen under EU free-movement rules. The EU citizen generally needs… residency United Kingdom UK Adult Dependent Relative Visa The UK Adult Dependent Relative visa is for an adult who needs long-term personal care from a close relative living permanently in the UK. It is a… residency United Kingdom UK Family Visa as a Child The UK child family visa is for a child joining or staying with a qualifying parent in the UK. It generally requires the child to be under 18 or already on… residency United Kingdom UK Family Visa as a Parent The UK parent family visa is for a parent who needs to live in the UK to care for a qualifying child. It generally requires the child to live in the UK… residency United Kingdom UK Partner or Spouse Family Visa The UK partner family visa is for spouses, civil partners, fiancees, proposed civil partners, and some long-term partners of a qualifying UK-based sponsor.… residency New Zealand New Zealand Dependent Child Resident Visa New Zealand's Dependent Child Resident Visa is for dependent children of New Zealand citizens or residents who meet age, single-status, dependency, health,… residency New Zealand New Zealand Parent Boost Visitor Visa New Zealand's Parent Boost Visitor Visa is a long-stay visitor route for parents of New Zealand citizens or residents. It allows extended family visits but… other New Zealand New Zealand Parent Resident Visa New Zealand's Parent Resident Visa is for parents, grandparents, or legal guardians sponsored by an adult New Zealand citizen or resident child. It… residency New Zealand New Zealand Parent Retirement Resident Visa New Zealand's Parent Retirement Resident Visa is for parents of New Zealand citizens or residents who can qualify through investment and retirement funds… residency New Zealand New Zealand Partner Resident Visa New Zealand partner residence is for the married, civil-union, or de facto partner of a New Zealand citizen or resident. It generally requires living… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Family Residence Sponsorship UAE family sponsorship is for close relatives of UAE citizens or residents, most often spouses, children, and in some cases parents. It generally requires… residency Canada Canada Parent and Grandparent Super Visa Canada's super visa lets eligible parents and grandparents visit a Canadian child or grandchild for up to five years at a time, with multiple entries over… other Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Children Canadian dependent child sponsorship is for a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, or registered Indian sponsoring a dependent child for permanent… residency Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Other Family Canada allows sponsorship of certain other relatives only in very narrow situations, such as orphaned minor siblings, nieces, nephews, or grandchildren, or… residency Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Partners Canada spouse or partner sponsorship is for Canadian citizens and permanent residents sponsoring a spouse, common-law partner, or conjugal partner for… residency Canada Canada Residence for Parents or Grandparents Canada's Parents and Grandparents Program can let Canadian citizens and permanent residents sponsor parents or grandparents for permanent residence, but… residency South Korea South Korea Spouse Visa South Korea's F-6 visa is for foreign spouses of Korean nationals. It generally requires a legal marriage, relationship evidence, Korean-spouse… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship Through Marriage Luxembourg has an option procedure for some spouses of Luxembourgish citizens. It generally depends on the spouse's Luxembourgish nationality, the couple's… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg Exceptional Family Residence This is a narrow fallback for non-EU citizens who do not qualify for ordinary family reunification but already share unusually strong, stable, and… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Family Reunification Residence Luxembourg family reunification can let certain close relatives join a Luxembourgish, EU, or legally resident non-EU family member. The exact relationship,… residency United States U.S. Citizenship Through Citizen Spouse Some lawful permanent residents married to U.S. citizens can apply for naturalization after 3 years instead of the ordinary 5-year period. citizenship United States U.S. Family Preference Green Card This green card route is for certain family members of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents who do not fit the immediate-relative categories. It… residency United States U.S. Fiancé Visa The K-1 visa is for a foreign fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen who plans to enter the United States, marry within 90 days, and then apply for permanent… residency United States U.S. Green Card through an Immediate Relative This green card route is for the spouse, unmarried child under 21, or parent of an adult U.S. citizen. It generally requires a qualifying family… residency Japan Japan Visa for Citizen's Spouse or Child Japan's Spouse or Child of Japanese National status is for the legal spouse of a Japanese national, a person born as the child of a Japanese national, or a… residency Israel Israel Residence for Citizen Partners This route is for a foreign national legally married to an Israeli citizen who will maintain a genuine, exclusive shared household and center of life in… residency Spain Spain Family Residence Spain has several family-based residence routes for close family members of Spanish citizens, EU/EEA/Swiss citizens, and some non-EU residents in Spain. It… residency France France Family Reunification Residence France family reunification is for a spouse or minor child joining a non-French foreign resident who is already legally settled in France. It generally… residency France France Residence With French Family This residence pathway is for close family members of a French citizen, such as a spouse, parent of a French child, child of a French citizen, or dependent… residency France French Citizenship by Marriage French citizenship by marriage is for someone married to a French citizen long enough to apply by declaration. It generally requires a continuing marriage,… citizenship France French Citizenship: Parent or Grandparent France has a narrow citizenship declaration for some older parents or grandparents of French citizens who have lived in France for a long time. It… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship by Marriage Italian citizenship by marriage or civil union is for spouses and registered civil-union partners of Italian citizens after a qualifying relationship… citizenship Italy Italy Family Reunification Residence Italy family reunification is for close family members joining an Italian or EU citizen in Italy, or joining a qualifying non-EU resident in Italy. It… residency Taiwan Taiwan Residence Visa for Citizen's Spouse Taiwan's spouse resident visa is for the foreign spouse of a Republic of China national. It generally requires proof of the marriage, the ROC spouse's… residency Czech Republic Czech Family Residence Czech family residence can let a non-EU citizen live with a qualifying Czech, EU, or legally resident non-EU family member in Czechia. The correct visa or… residency Andorra Andorra Family Reunification Residence Andorra family reunification is for spouses, registered partners, children, and some dependent relatives of an Andorran citizen or qualifying resident. It… residency Poland Poland Family Residence Poland has several family residence routes for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens joining a Polish citizen, a mobile EU/EEA/Swiss citizen, or an eligible non-EU… residency Portugal Portugal Family Reunification Residence Portugal's family reunification route is for close family members of Portuguese citizens, EU/EEA/Swiss citizens in Portugal, or non-EU residents who can… residency Portugal Portugal Residence for Parents of Children Portugal has a special residence route for parents who effectively exercise parental responsibilities and support a minor child who lives in Portugal or… residency Portugal Portuguese Citizenship by Marriage A spouse or legally recognized unmarried partner of a Portuguese citizen may apply for Portuguese nationality after more than three years of marriage or… citizenship Chile Chile Family Residence Chile's family-reunification permit is for specific close relatives of a Chilean citizen or a person who holds current Residencia Definitiva. Both the… residency Turkey Turkish Citizenship by Marriage Turkish citizenship by marriage is an application route for a person who has been married to a Turkish citizen for at least three years. The marriage must… citizenship Argentina Argentina Family-Tie Residency Argentina's current family-reunification route gives temporary residence to specified close relatives of Argentine citizens and of temporary or permanent… residency Uruguay Uruguay Permanent Residence Through Family A foreign spouse, judicially recognized partner, parent or sibling of a Uruguayan can apply directly for permanent residence by proving the relationship. residency Bahamas Bahamas Citizenship Through Marriage Under the Bahamas' current constitutional marriage provision, a non-Bahamian woman married to a Bahamian man may apply to be registered as a citizen. The… citizenship Bahamas Bahamas Resident Spouse Permit The Resident Spouse Permit lets a non-Bahamian spouse live and work in The Bahamas while a genuine marriage to a Bahamian citizen is under five years old… residency Bahamas Bahamas Spouse Permanent Residence The foreign spouse of a Bahamian citizen can apply for permanent residence through a dedicated spouse procedure. Approval is not automatic and requires a… residency Panama Panama Residency by Family Tie This pathway covers two Panamanian family-residence categories: a foreign spouse in a genuine, continuing marriage with a Panamanian citizen, and a foreign… residency Georgia Georgia Residence Through Close Family Georgia has family residence routes for defined family members of a Georgian citizen or a foreign national who holds a Georgian residence permit. The… residency Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Family Residence A parent or grandparent of a Trinidad and Tobago citizen or resident may apply for resident status when that family member lives there and is willing and… residency Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Spouse Residence The spouse of a Trinidad and Tobago citizen or resident may apply for resident status when the marriage and sponsor's status can be documented. Approval… residency Costa Rica Costa Rica Family-Tie Residence Costa Rica grants direct permanent residence to defined close blood relatives of a Costa Rican citizen: a parent, a minor child, an adult child with a… residency Thailand Thailand Non-Immigrant O Spouse Visa Thailand's family Non-Immigrant O visa can permit a foreign spouse to visit or join a Thai citizen. The initial visa and any later in-country extension are… residency Barbados Barbados Citizenship through Marriage A person married to a Barbados citizen may be able to register as a Barbados citizen. The exact route depends on the applicant's circumstances and, for the… citizenship Barbados Barbados Family Immigrant Status Barbados has immigrant-status categories for a supported child under 18 of a citizen or permanent resident living there, and for a supported parent or… residency Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia Spouse or Partner Residence This family-reunification pathway is for a foreign spouse or qualifying common-law partner joining a Bosnia and Herzegovina citizen or certain qualifying… residency Armenia Armenia Family Residence Armenia offers family residence to specified close relatives, but the allowed relationship depends on the sponsor's status. A temporary-resident sponsor… residency Armenia Armenian Citizenship by Close Family Armenia can waive its ordinary residence and Armenian-language requirements for some adults with an Armenian-citizen spouse, child, or parent. A spouse… citizenship Mexico Mexican Residence through a Mexican Citizen Mexico's family-unity rules give different residence outcomes to different close relatives of Mexican citizens. A spouse or qualifying partner normally… residency Mexico Mexico Family Residence via Foreign Resident Mexico's family-unity rules can let close family members join a foreigner who already holds Mexican temporary, student, or permanent residence. It… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Family Residence This route is for the foreign spouse or unmarried economically dependent child of a Dominican citizen or permanent resident. DGM can also accept a… residency Ecuador Ecuador Permanent Residence for Partners A foreign spouse or legally recognized partner of an Ecuadorian citizen may apply directly for permanent residence. The relationship must be legally… residency Peru Peru Family Resident Status Peru family resident status is for foreign nationals with a qualifying family tie to a Peruvian citizen or a foreign resident in Peru. It generally… residency Brazil Brazil Family-Reunion Residence Brazilian family-reunion residence covers listed relatives of a Brazilian citizen or qualifying immigrant resident, including spouses or partners, children… residency Colombia Colombia Partner Migrant Visa Colombia has separate migrant visas for the foreign spouse and the formally recognized permanent partner of a Colombian citizen. The marriage route can be… residency Colombia Colombia Visa for Parent of a Citizen This is a Migrant visa for a foreign parent of a person who is Colombian by birth. It can be issued for up to three years, grants open work authorization,… residency Fiji Fiji Citizen-Child Exemption Status An unmarried foreign-passport-holding child under 18 with a Fiji citizen parent may apply for exemption status to enter, reside, and study in Fiji. residency Fiji Fiji Citizen-Spouse Exemption Status A foreign passport holder who is legally married to a Fiji citizen may apply for exemption status to enter, reside, and study in Fiji. Separate work… residency Fiji Fiji Co-Extensive Family Permit The spouse or dependent unmarried child of a principal Fiji permit holder may apply for a co-extensive residence permit tied to that person's status. residency Fiji Fiji Spouse Citizenship Registration A foreign spouse or former spouse of a Fiji citizen may apply for citizenship by registration after meeting the statutory relationship, lawful-presence,… citizenship Paraguay Paraguay Permanent Residence Through Family A foreign spouse of a Paraguayan citizen, or a foreign child of a Paraguayan parent, can use the special Law No. 2193 process for direct permanent… residency Vietnam Vietnam Family Permanent Residence A foreign parent, spouse, or child of a Vietnamese citizen permanently residing in Vietnam may be considered for permanent residence after at least three… residency Vietnam Vietnam Spouse or Family Visa Vietnam's TT category covers a foreign parent, spouse, or child of a Vietnamese citizen and a spouse or child under 18 of certain qualifying foreign visa… residency South Africa South Africa Family Residence South Africa has family residence routes for spouses and close relatives of citizens or permanent residents, with different evidence and rights depending… residency Indonesia Indonesia Global Citizen Residence Indonesia's Global Citizen program offers indefinite permanent residence to certain former Indonesians, their descendants, and specified close family… residency Philippines Philippines Spouse Immigrant Visa The 13(a) non-quota immigrant visa is a marriage-based residence route for a foreign national validly married to a Philippine citizen, where the… residency Belize Belize Family Dependent Permit Belize's Dependent's Permit is a limited family permit for a dependent who is at least 55, is disabled, or is a child under 5, where a resident of Belize… residency El Salvador El Salvador Residence for Citizen Partners A foreign spouse or formally documented cohabiting partner of a Salvadoran citizen can seek temporary residence and, after one uninterrupted year in that… residency Vanuatu Vanuatu Citizenship by Family or Ancestry Vanuatu's family rules include three legally different situations: citizenship from birth for a person born after July 30, 1980 with a Vanuatu-citizen… citizenship Vanuatu Vanuatu Partner Residence Visa Vanuatu partner residence is for a spouse or genuine de facto partner of a Vanuatu citizen or current resident. It requires proof of the partner's status,… residency Nigeria Nigeria Special Immigrant Status for Spouses Nigeria's Special Immigrant Status is a residence status for non-Nigerian spouses of Nigerian citizens who do not wish to acquire Nigerian citizenship. The… residency Nigeria Nigerian Citizenship Through Marriage Nigeria's citizenship-by-registration rule includes a woman who is or has been married to a Nigerian citizen. The rule is gendered in the constitutional… citizenship

Switzerland Swiss Citizenship by Descent Swiss citizenship by descent is for people who had a Swiss parent when they were born, including cases where Swiss citizenship passed through an intact… citizenship Norway Norwegian Citizenship by Descent Norwegian citizenship by descent depends on having a Norwegian parent when you were born. A grandparent or older ancestor generally matters only if… citizenship Iceland Icelandic Citizenship Recovery Former Icelandic citizens may have a restoration, notification, or shortened naturalization route. The correct route depends on how and when citizenship… citizenship Iceland Icelandic Citizenship by Descent Icelandic citizenship by descent depends on having an Icelandic parent when you were born. A grandparent or older ancestor generally matters only if… citizenship Iceland Icelandic Citizenship for Stateless Birth A stateless person born in Iceland can acquire Icelandic citizenship by notification before age 21 if they have lived continuously in Iceland since birth… citizenship Iceland Icelandic Citizenship for Young Residents Some young people who grew up in Iceland, and some unaccompanied young people who are stateless or received protection there, can acquire citizenship by… citizenship Iceland Icelandic Citizenship through Adoption A child adopted by an Icelandic citizen before age 18 can acquire Icelandic citizenship when the adoption is issued in Iceland or recognized there. citizenship Denmark Danish Citizenship by Descent Danish citizenship by descent depends on having a Danish parent when you were born. A grandparent or older ancestor generally matters only if citizenship… citizenship Sweden Swedish Citizenship by Descent Swedish citizenship by descent depends on having a Swedish parent when you were born. A grandparent or older ancestor generally matters only if citizenship… citizenship Germany German Citizenship by Adoption Germany's Section 6 route is for people adopted as minors by a German parent. It generally requires proof of the adoption, timing, and the adoptive… citizenship Germany German Citizenship by Birth in Germany This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Germany or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship Germany German Citizenship by Descent German citizenship by descent is for people who may already be German because citizenship passed from a German parent, grandparent, or older ancestor… citizenship Germany German Citizenship for Gender Discrimination Germany's Section 5 declaration route is for people whose family line was blocked by older German citizenship rules that treated mothers, unmarried… citizenship Germany German Citizenship for Nazi Persecution Germany's Section 15 StAG route is for people whose German citizenship was lost, denied, or never acquired because of Nazi-era persecution, and for their… citizenship Germany German Citizenship for Nazi-Era Loss Germany's Article 116(2) route is for people whose German citizenship was taken away by the Nazi regime, and for their descendants. It generally requires… citizenship Germany Germany Residence Title for Former Germans Germany has a residence route for former German citizens. A former German may be entitled to settlement or residence if they had ordinary residence in… residency Ireland Irish Citizenship Through Irish-Born Parent This pathway is for people born outside Ireland who may already be Irish citizens because a parent was an Irish citizen and was born on the island of… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship Through Parent Born Abroad This Foreign Births Register route is for people born outside Ireland whose parent was already an Irish citizen when they were born, but was not born on… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship Through a Grandparent Ireland's Foreign Births Register is for people born outside Ireland who can become Irish through a qualifying Irish parent or grandparent. The most common… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship by Birth Before 2005 This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Ireland or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship by Birth Since 2005 People born on the island of Ireland on or after January 1, 2005 may still be Irish citizens, but it depends on their parents' citizenship, settled status,… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship through Adoption Irish citizenship through adoption is for people adopted in a way that gives citizenship through an Irish-citizen adoptive parent. It generally requires… citizenship Ireland Irish Citizenship via Public-Service Parent Irish law has a narrow exception for some people born abroad to an Irish parent who was also born abroad, if that parent was abroad in Irish public service… citizenship Singapore Singapore Citizenship by Descent Singapore citizenship by descent can apply to a person born abroad after 16 September 1963, but the qualifying parent rule differs for births before and… citizenship Australia Australia Adoption Visa Australia's Adoption visa lets a child adopted outside Australia live permanently in Australia with an adoptive parent. It generally requires the child to… residency Australia Australian Citizenship Recovery Australian citizenship by resumption is for former Australian citizens who lost or gave up Australian citizenship and want it restored. It generally… citizenship Australia Australian Citizenship by Adoption Australian citizenship by adoption is for people adopted by an Australian citizen in a way Australian law recognizes. It generally turns on the adoption… citizenship Australia Australian Citizenship by Birth in Australia This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Australia or in another qualifying birth situation connected… citizenship Australia Australian Citizenship by Descent Australian citizenship by descent is for people born outside Australia to a parent who was an Australian citizen when they were born. It generally requires… citizenship Netherlands Dutch Citizenship by Descent Dutch citizenship by descent is for people whose Dutch citizenship passed through an intact parent-child chain. It generally requires proof of each… citizenship Netherlands Dutch Citizenship by Simplified Process The Dutch option procedure is a simplified citizenship route for people with certain close Dutch ties or historical Dutch-citizenship situations. It… citizenship Finland Finnish Citizenship by Descent Finnish citizenship by descent depends on having a Finnish parent when you were born. A grandparent or older ancestor generally matters only if citizenship… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship Recovery Belgian nationality recovery is for people who previously held Belgian nationality and lost it. It generally requires proof of the former Belgian… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship by Adoption Belgian citizenship by adoption can apply when a person was adopted before age 18 by a Belgian citizen and the adoption fits Belgium's… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship by Birth in Belgium This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Belgium or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship by Descent Belgian citizenship by descent usually depends on having a Belgian parent when you were born. Born-abroad cases may also depend on where the Belgian parent… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship for People Raised There Belgium has a nationality declaration route for adults who were born in Belgium and have legally lived there since birth. It is separate from automatic… citizenship Belgium Belgium Permanent Residence After Long Stay Belgium offers more secure long-term or permanent residence options for many non-EU residents after several years of lawful stay. It generally requires… residency United Kingdom Automatic British Citizenship Through Parent UK automatic citizenship by descent is for people born outside the UK on or after January 1, 1983 who had a British parent able to pass citizenship at… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship After 10 Childhood Years UK Section 1(4) is an entitlement route for people born in the UK who did not become British at birth but lived there through their first ten years. It… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship After UK Family Residence UK Section 3(5) is a registration route for minor children of a British citizen by descent when the child and parents build the required UK residence. It… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Recovery UK Section 13 resumption is for people who previously renounced British citizenship and want it back. It generally requires proof of the former British… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Through Unmarried Father UK Sections 4G-4I are registration routes for people who missed British citizenship because older law treated unmarried British fathers differently. They… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Through Your Mother If you were born outside the UK before 1983 and your mother was British, Section 4C may let you register as a British citizen by descent. A UK-born mother… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Through a BOTC Mother This route is for people born before 1983 who missed British Overseas Territories Citizenship (BOTC) because their mother could not pass on status in the… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Through a British Parent UK Section 3(2) is a registration route for minor children of a British citizen by descent where the British parent has lived in the UK for the required… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship Through an Unmarried BOTC Father This route is for people who missed British Overseas Territories Citizenship (BOTC) because older law did not treat unmarried fathers the same way as… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship by Adoption UK citizenship through adoption is for people adopted through a qualifying process by a British citizen. It generally requires proof of the adoption, the… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship by UK Birth Before 1983 This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in the United Kingdom or in another qualifying birth situation… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship by UK Birth Since 1983 People born in the UK on or after 1 January 1983 may already be British if a parent had a qualifying status when they were born. This usually means a… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship for Chagossian Families Direct descendants of someone born in the British Indian Ocean Territory can apply for British Overseas Territories citizenship and British citizenship… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship for Historical Unfairness UK Section 4L is a broad registration route for people who would have become British but for historical legislative unfairness or official acts or… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship for Other UK Nationals Some people who already hold another type of British nationality can register as British citizens. The route can cover British overseas citizens, British… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship for Territory Citizens UK Section 4A is for current British Overseas Territories Citizens who want to register as British citizens. It generally requires proof of BOTC status,… citizenship United Kingdom British Citizenship for UK-Born Children A child born in the UK after 1982 may be entitled to register as British if they were not British at birth but later a parent became British, settled, or… citizenship United Kingdom British Overseas Territories Citizenship This discretionary route is for adults who can show they would have become, or could have become, British Overseas Territories Citizens but for a specific… citizenship United Kingdom UK Ancestry Visa The UK Ancestry visa is for Commonwealth citizens, Zimbabwe citizens, and British nationals (overseas) who have a qualifying UK-born grandparent and want… residency United Kingdom UK Citizenship for Stateless People The UK has registration routes for people who are not recognized as citizens of any country. Eligibility depends on when and where the person was born and… citizenship United Kingdom UK Returning Resident Visa The UK Returning Resident visa can restore indefinite leave to remain for someone who was previously settled in the UK but has been away long enough for… residency United Kingdom UK Right of Abode for Commonwealth Citizens Some Commonwealth citizens have a retained right of abode in the UK through a UK-born parent or a pre-1983 marriage. It is not a visa: it is the right to… other New Zealand New Zealand Citizenship by Birth This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in New Zealand or in another qualifying birth situation connected… citizenship New Zealand New Zealand Citizenship by Descent New Zealand citizenship by descent is for people born outside the Realm of New Zealand to a parent who was a New Zealand citizen by birth or grant. It… citizenship New Zealand New Zealand Citizenship for Samoan Families New Zealand's 2024 Western Samoa citizenship restoration law can restore New Zealand citizenship to certain people connected to Western Samoa in the… citizenship New Zealand New Zealand Permanent Resident Visa New Zealand's Permanent Resident Visa is the follow-on status for many people who have held a New Zealand resident visa for at least 2 years and met their… residency New Zealand New Zealand Repeat Resident Visa New Zealand's Second or Subsequent Resident Visa can help certain former residents return to resident status after the travel conditions on a resident visa… residency United Arab Emirates Citizenship through an Emirati Mother A child of an Emirati mother and a foreign father may apply for a discretionary UAE citizenship grant. Article 10 Bis allows a grant after at least six… citizenship United Arab Emirates UAE Citizenship by Parentage UAE law recognizes citizenship by operation of law through a father who is an Emirati citizen by operation of law. It also recognizes a narrower… citizenship Canada Canadian Citizenship by Adoption Canadian citizenship by adoption may apply if you were born outside Canada and legally adopted by a parent who was Canadian at the time, including… citizenship Canada Canadian Citizenship by Birth in Canada This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Canada or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship Canada Canadian Citizenship by Descent Canadian citizenship by descent may apply to people born outside Canada through a Canadian biological parent or a Canadian legal parent at birth. The 2025… citizenship South Korea Korean Citizenship Through a Parent This pathway is for people who may already have acquired South Korean nationality at birth through a Korean parent. The rule depends on the applicant's… citizenship South Korea South Korea Heritage Visa South Korea's F-4 status is for foreign nationals who formerly held Korean nationality or are direct descendants of a former Korean national. General… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship Recovery Luxembourg has a reclamation procedure for some former Luxembourgish citizens. It generally requires proving that you previously held Luxembourgish… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship by Birth or School Luxembourg's option procedure can help some people whose life has already been closely connected to Luxembourg through birth, schooling, childhood… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship by Family Descent Luxembourg nationality by option is for adults with a Luxembourgish parent, adoptive parent, or grandparent where nationality did not automatically pass… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship by Parent Luxembourg citizenship by descent is for people whose Luxembourgish parent could pass nationality when the parent-child relationship was established. It… citizenship United States U.S. Citizenship Through Citizen Parent This pathway is for people born outside the United States who may have been U.S. citizens from birth through a U.S. citizen parent. It generally depends on… citizenship United States U.S. Citizenship Through Parent After Birth Some people born outside the United States became U.S. citizens after birth as children when they lived in the United States as lawful permanent residents… citizenship United States U.S. Citizenship by Birth in the U.S. Most people born in the United States are U.S. citizens from birth. The main exception is being born to a parent who was not subject to U.S. jurisdiction,… citizenship Austria Austrian Citizenship by Descent Austrian citizenship by descent is mainly for people who had an Austrian parent when they were born. It generally requires proof of the parent-child link,… citizenship Austria Austrian Citizenship for Persecuted Families Austria's Section 58c declaration route is for a persecuted person or that person's direct descendants when the ancestor fits one of the law's precise… citizenship Slovenia Slovenian Citizenship by Ancestry Article 13 can support a discretionary national-interest citizenship application by a person of Slovenian descent through a parent or grandparent. It… citizenship Slovenia Slovenian Citizenship by Descent Slovenian citizenship by direct descent is mainly a parent-to-child route, with declaration deadlines for many people born abroad. Grandparent cases… citizenship Japan Japan Residence for Japanese Descendants Japan's Long-Term Resident status can cover documented second- and third-generation descendants of Japanese emigrants. It is an ancestry-based residence… residency Japan Japanese Citizenship by Descent A person is generally Japanese from birth if a legal parent was Japanese at that time. For a child born abroad who also acquired a foreign nationality at… citizenship Israel Israeli Citizenship Under the Law of Return The Law of Return gives a qualifying Jewish person and specified close family members a right to immigrate to Israel, subject to proof and the law's… citizenship Israel Israeli Citizenship by Descent This route is for a person who acquired Israeli citizenship at birth through an Israeli-citizen parent. A limited rule also covers a parent who died as an… citizenship Malta Maltese Citizenship by Descent Maltese citizenship by descent is for direct-line descendants of an ancestor born in Malta whose parent was also born in Malta. It generally requires… citizenship Spain Spain Long-Term Residence Spain's national long-term residence status is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals who have already lived legally and continuously in Spain for the required… residency Spain Spanish Citizenship by Option Spanish nationality by option is a declaration route for the limited cases in Article 20 of the Civil Code, including certain parental-authority,… citizenship Spain Spanish Citizenship by Origin Spanish nationality by origin covers people born to a Spanish parent, people born in Spain in specific protected cases, and people adopted by a Spanish… citizenship France French Citizenship Reinstatement Reintegration is for someone who personally held and then lost French nationality. A declaration is limited to specified loss situations and requires clear… citizenship France French Citizenship by Birth in France This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in France or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship France French Citizenship by Descent French citizenship by descent is for people who had a French parent when they were born, including cases where French nationality passed through an intact… citizenship France French Citizenship for Siblings of Citizens Some people born in France can declare French nationality as the sibling of a person who became French through France's birth-and-residence rules. This is… citizenship France French Citizenship through Adoption A qualifying plenary adoption by a French citizen can make a minor French by parentage. Simple adoption is different: it does not confer nationality… citizenship Cyprus Cypriot Citizenship by Descent Cypriot citizenship by descent is for people of Cypriot origin, including children born abroad to a Cypriot parent and some adults with older Cypriot… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship Recovery for Ex-Citizens Italian citizenship reacquisition is a temporary route for certain former Italian citizens who lost citizenship before August 16, 1992. It generally… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship by Adoption A person adopted as a minor by an Italian citizen may acquire citizenship once the adoption is effective for Italian law, but the 2025 limits on automatic… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship by Birth in Italy Italy has narrow citizenship-by-birth rules for people born in Italy. This can cover a child of an Italian parent, a person who would otherwise have had no… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship by Descent For a person born abroad who also has another nationality, Italian citizenship by descent now normally requires a parent or grandparent who held only… citizenship Italy Italy Long-Term Residence Permit Italy's EU long-term residence permit is for non-EU citizens who have already lived legally and continuously in Italy for the required period, usually five… residency Taiwan Taiwan Citizenship Through Taiwanese Parent Taiwan/ROC nationality by parentage is for people whose parent was an ROC national when they were born. It generally requires proof of the parent-child… citizenship Estonia Estonian Citizenship by Descent Estonian citizenship by descent is for people who had an Estonian parent when they were born, including cases where Estonian citizenship passed through an… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship Confirmation by Descent Czech citizenship confirmation is for people who may already be Czech because Czech or Czechoslovak citizenship passed to them through an intact… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship for Descendants Section 31 allows a non-Slovak citizen to acquire Czech citizenship by declaration when at least one parent or grandparent is or was a qualifying Czech or… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship for Former Citizens Section 31 allows certain former Czech or Czechoslovak citizens to acquire Czech citizenship by declaration. It covers the principal pre-2014 loss branch… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship for Former Czechoslovaks Czechia's Section 32 declaration route is for a narrow group of people connected to former Czechoslovak citizens who were still CSFR citizens at the end of… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship for Stateless Children This narrow rule applies when a child was born in Czechia, would otherwise have been stateless, both parents were stateless, and at least one parent held… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Five-Year Permanent Residence A third-country national who has completed five years of qualifying continuous temporary residence in Czechia may apply for permanent residence. residency Czech Republic Czech Permanent Residence for Czech Heritage This discretionary permanent-residence route is for people abroad who can prove Czech ethnic origin and a real connection to Czech language or culture. It… residency Greece Greece Heritage Residence and Status Greece has specific identity and residence procedures for certain non-citizens whom Greek authorities recognize as people of Greek origin (omogeneis).… residency Greece Greek Citizenship by Descent A child of a Greek citizen generally acquires Greek citizenship at birth. For a person born abroad, the practical process is to prove that a parent was… citizenship Andorra Andorran Citizenship from Birth This citizenship pathway is for people who may already be citizens because they were born in Andorra or in another qualifying birth situation connected to… citizenship Poland Poland Confirmation of Polish Citizenship Polish citizenship confirmation is for a person who may already be a Polish citizen under the law, often through a Polish-citizen parent or an earlier… citizenship Poland Poland Repatriation Visa Poland's repatriation visa is a narrow route for a principal applicant of Polish origin who permanently resided before 1 January 2001 in a listed… citizenship Poland Polish Citizenship Recovery Polish citizenship restoration is for people who personally had Polish citizenship and lost it before 1 January 1999. It is not a descent route for… citizenship Poland Polish Citizenship by Adoption A foreign child fully adopted by one or more Polish citizens before turning 16 acquires Polish citizenship by law and is treated as having acquired it from… citizenship Poland Polish Diaspora Card Karta Polaka is a Polish diaspora status document for people who can show Polish identity, basic Polish language ability, and a qualifying Polish family or… other Lithuania Lithuania Heritage Permanent Residence A non-Lithuanian citizen who is legally a person of Lithuanian origin or has the right to restore Lithuanian citizenship may apply directly for a… residency Lithuania Lithuanian Citizenship Recovery by Descent Lithuanian citizenship restoration is for a former pre-15 June 1940 Lithuanian citizen or that citizen's child, grandchild, or great-grandchild. It… citizenship Lithuania Lithuanian Citizenship via Ethnic Origin Lithuania's simplified citizenship procedure is for a person who has never been a Lithuanian citizen, has a parent or grandparent who is or was ethnically… citizenship Croatia Croatian Citizenship by Parent Croatian citizenship by origin is a parent-based route. For people born on or after 8 October 1991, the result depends on whether one or both parents were… citizenship Croatia Croatian Citizenship for Emigrant Families Article 11 lets a qualifying Croatian emigrant and that emigrant's descendants apply for Croatian citizenship without living in Croatia or passing the… citizenship Portugal Portugal Citizenship for Great-Grandchildren Portugal has a special naturalization route for people who have legally lived in Portugal for at least five years and have a Portuguese great-grandparent. citizenship Portugal Portugal Citizenship for New-Citizen Children A minor child may be able to acquire Portuguese nationality when a parent acquired Portuguese nationality after the child's birth. The route depends on the… citizenship Portugal Portugal Permanent Residence Portugal has consolidation routes for people who have already lived legally in Portugal for about five years, including permanent residence and EU… residency Portugal Portugal Residence by Birth or Upbringing Portugal has special residence-permit routes for certain people born in Portugal, raised there, or connected to a parent's Portuguese residence. These… residency Portugal Portuguese Citizenship Recovery Portugal has limited routes for certain former Portuguese citizens to get nationality back. These include some older loss situations, such as loss during… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship by Adoption A person adopted by a Portuguese citizen may be able to acquire Portuguese nationality by declaration. The key facts are the adoption, the adoptive… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship by Birth in Portugal Portuguese nationality law includes several birth-in-Portugal rules. A person born in Portugal may already be Portuguese, or may be able to confirm… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship by Descent Portuguese citizenship by descent is mainly for people with a Portuguese parent or grandparent. Parent cases are usually more direct, while grandparent… citizenship Latvia Latvian Citizenship by Ethnic Heritage This citizenship route is for people who can prove Latvian or Liv ethnic origin under Latvia's special nationality rules. It generally requires documentary… citizenship Latvia Latvian Citizenship for Exile Families Latvia's exile-restoration route is for descendants of Latvian citizens who left during the occupation period or were forced into exile. It generally… citizenship Chile Chilean Citizenship by Birth in Chile Most people born in Chile are Chilean citizens from birth. This check separates an ordinary Chilean birth record from the two constitutional exceptions and… citizenship Chile Chilean Citizenship by Descent A person born outside Chile may be Chilean through a Chilean parent when the family line also contains a parent or grandparent who obtained Chilean… citizenship Slovakia Slovak Citizenship Confirmation by Descent This confirmation route is for someone who acquired Slovak citizenship automatically at birth because at least one parent was a Slovak citizen on the birth… citizenship Slovakia Slovak Citizenship Grant for Descendants Slovakia's discretionary 2022 descendant grant is for someone who has never been a Slovak citizen and can prove that a parent, grandparent, or… citizenship Slovakia Slovak Citizenship Recovery for Ex-Citizens Slovak citizenship recovery is for people who personally lost Slovak or former Czechoslovak citizenship under earlier rules. It generally requires proof of… citizenship Slovakia Slovak Citizenship for Diaspora Members This discretionary citizenship route is for a valid Slovak Living Abroad certificate holder who either has three years of continuous residence in Slovakia… citizenship Slovakia Slovak Diaspora Certificate The Slovak Living Abroad certificate is for a person without permanent residence in Slovakia who preserves Slovak national identity and can document Slovak… other Turkey Turkish Citizenship by Descent Turkish citizenship by descent is for a person whose mother or father was a Turkish citizen when that person was born. Birth in Türkiye or a Turkish… citizenship Turkey Türkiye Diaspora Rights Card for Ex-Citizens The Mavi Kart documents Article 28 rights for a person who was Turkish by birth and left citizenship with official permission, and for qualifying… other Hungary Hungarian Citizenship Confirmation by Descent Hungarian citizenship confirmation is for people whose Hungarian citizenship already passed through an intact family chain. It generally requires records… citizenship Hungary Hungarian Citizenship by Historic Ancestry This is a simplified-naturalization screening route for people whose Hungarian-citizen or Hungarian-origin ancestor came from territory of the former… citizenship Argentina Argentine Citizenship by Birth in Argentina People born in Argentina are generally Argentine citizens from birth, regardless of their parents' nationality or immigration status. The main statutory… citizenship Argentina Argentine Citizenship by Parent A person born abroad can opt for Argentine nationality through an Argentine parent. The clearest consular route is for a child of a parent born in… citizenship Uruguay Uruguayan Citizenship by Birth in Uruguay People born in Uruguay are Uruguayan natural citizens, whatever their parents' nationality or immigration status was at the time. citizenship Uruguay Uruguayan Citizenship by Family Descent People born outside Uruguay may become Uruguayan natural citizens through an Uruguayan parent or grandparent. They must prove the family line, establish a… citizenship Romania Romanian Citizenship by Descent or Recovery Romanian citizenship by descent or restoration is for people with an intact Romanian citizenship chain, or descendants of former Romanian citizens within… citizenship Bahamas Bahamian Citizenship Registration at 18 A person born in The Bahamas after July 9, 1973 to two non-citizen parents may apply to register as a citizen during the 12 months beginning on their 18th… citizenship Bahamas Bahamian Citizenship by Birth A person born in The Bahamas may already be a citizen under the 1973 independence rules or because either biological parent was Bahamian when the person… citizenship Bahamas Bahamian Citizenship by Descent For a person born outside The Bahamas, citizenship depends on which parent is relied on, whether the parents were married, how that parent became Bahamian,… citizenship Panama Panamanian Citizenship by Birth in Panama This pathway is for a person born in Panama who may already be a Panamanian citizen by birth under Article 9(1) of Panama's Constitution. The practical… citizenship Panama Panamanian Citizenship by Descent This pathway is for a person born outside Panama to a Panamanian mother or father. Panama's Constitution distinguishes between a parent who was Panamanian… citizenship Georgia Georgian Citizenship by Descent Georgian citizenship by descent is for people whose parent was a Georgian citizen when they were born. It generally requires proof of the parent-child… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship Recovery Former T&T citizens may have a restoration or certificate route if citizenship ended because of acquiring, or renouncing to acquire, another citizenship. citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship by Adoption A minor adopted under Trinidad and Tobago adoption law becomes a citizen from the date of the adoption order if the adopter, or either joint adopter, is a… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship by Ancestry Since October 10, 2025, a person born outside Trinidad and Tobago can qualify directly through a citizen grandparent, including one who was a citizen by… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship by Birth A person born in Trinidad and Tobago is generally a citizen at birth, subject to narrow diplomatic and enemy-alien exceptions in the Constitution. citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship by Parent Since October 10, 2025, a person born outside Trinidad and Tobago can qualify through a parent who was a citizen at the time of birth, including a citizen… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship for Children Section 8 lets the Minister register a minor child born outside Trinidad and Tobago to a citizen, on application by the responsible parent or guardian. citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Commonwealth Citizenship Commonwealth citizens, Republic of Ireland citizens, and British protected persons can be registered as Trinidad and Tobago citizens after meeting the… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Former-Citizen Residence A former Trinidad and Tobago citizen who ceased to be a citizen because they voluntarily acquired another citizenship may apply for resident status under a… residency Malaysia Malaysian Citizenship by Descent Malaysian citizenship by descent is for some people born abroad to a Malaysian parent. The current route depends on which parent was Malaysian, whether the… citizenship Costa Rica Costa Rican Citizenship by Birth Birth in Costa Rica can lead to Costa Rican citizenship, but the rule depends on the parents. A child of a Costa Rican parent is Costa Rican by birth; a… citizenship Costa Rica Costa Rican Citizenship by Descent A person born outside Costa Rica can become Costa Rican by birth when a parent is Costa Rican by birth and the person is registered while under 18 or… citizenship Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Birth A person born in Saint Kitts and Nevis on or after 19 September 1983 is generally a citizen from birth. Two narrow constitutional exceptions apply, while a… citizenship Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Descent The Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes citizenship by descent for a person whose parent or grandparent was born in Saint Kitts and Nevis. The exact… citizenship Serbia Serbian Citizenship by Descent Serbian citizenship by descent depends on birthplace and both parents' citizenship at the time of birth. Some people acquire it automatically; a person… citizenship Serbia Serbian Citizenship by Heritage or Identity Serbia has two application routes relevant to many families abroad: Article 18 for an emigrant from the Republic of Serbia or the emigrant's descendant,… citizenship Thailand Thai Citizenship by Descent Thai citizenship by descent is for people whose parent was Thai when they were born. It generally requires proof of the Thai parent-child link and, for… citizenship Bulgaria Bulgarian Citizenship by Ancestry Bulgaria's origin route is for people who can document Bulgarian origin through a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent when ordinary descent… citizenship Bulgaria Bulgarian Citizenship by Descent Bulgarian citizenship by descent is for people born to a Bulgarian-citizen parent, including cases where Bulgarian citizenship passed through an intact… citizenship Barbados Barbados Citizenship by Birth A person born in Barbados after 29 November 1966 is generally a citizen from birth unless a narrow diplomatic or enemy-occupation exception applied. A… citizenship Barbados Barbados Citizenship by Descent A person born outside Barbados may have acquired citizenship through a Barbadian parent, but the result depends on the birth date, which parent was… citizenship Barbados Barbados Citizenship: Commonwealth or Irish An adult Commonwealth or Irish citizen may apply for discretionary registration after a seven-year period of qualifying Barbados residence, government… citizenship Barbados Barbados Permanent Residence Barbados permanent resident registration is available under a limited set of legal categories, including certain people who have held immigrant status for… residency Grenada Grenada Citizenship by Birth A person born in Grenada on or after independence on 7 February 1974 is generally a citizen at birth, subject to the Constitution's narrow foreign-envoy… citizenship Grenada Grenada Citizenship by Descent For a person born outside Grenada on or after 7 February 1974, citizenship at birth generally requires a mother or father who was a Grenadian citizen at… citizenship Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Birth For births on or after 1 November 1981, the Constitution generally grants citizenship at birth to a person born in Antigua and Barbuda, subject to two… citizenship Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Descent A person born abroad on or after 1 November 1981 can be a citizen at birth where a parent held the kind of citizenship specified in section 113:… citizenship Albania Albanian Citizenship by Parent or Ancestry Albanian law separates two family routes. A person born with an Albanian-citizen parent acquires citizenship automatically and can register at any age. A… citizenship Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizenship by Descent This parent-to-child citizenship route depends on where and when the child was born, whether one or both parents were Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens at… citizenship Armenia Armenian Citizenship by Ethnic Origin Armenian citizenship through ethnic origin is for people who can prove Armenian heritage, even without ordinary long-term residence in Armenia. It… citizenship Armenia Armenian Citizenship by Parent Armenian citizenship through a parent is for people who had an Armenian-citizen parent when they were born or who can acquire citizenship through that… citizenship Armenia Armenian Heritage Special Residence This residence pathway is for people with a qualifying ancestry, nationality, or diaspora connection to Armenia. It generally requires proof of that… residency Mexico Mexican Citizenship Through Adoption Mexico has a one-year naturalization route for some people adopted by Mexican citizens or placed under their parental authority. It requires a qualifying… citizenship Mexico Mexican Citizenship by Birth in Mexico People born in Mexican territory are Mexican nationals by birth regardless of their parents' nationality or immigration status. This pathway is usually… citizenship Mexico Mexican Citizenship by Descent Mexican citizenship by descent is for people born abroad with a Mexican parent, and in some cases a family line where the parent can claim Mexican… citizenship Dominican Republic Dominican Citizenship by Birth This pathway is for a person born in the Dominican Republic whose birth falls outside the constitutional exclusions for children of foreign diplomats,… citizenship Dominican Republic Dominican Citizenship by Descent This pathway is for a person born outside the Dominican Republic who can document that at least one legal parent is Dominican. The practical process is… citizenship Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Citizenship by Birth This pathway is for people born in Saint Lucia who may already be citizens under the post-independence birth rule or the Constitution's independence-day… citizenship Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Citizenship by Descent A person born outside Saint Lucia may already be a citizen through a Saint Lucian parent. A separate rule can cover certain people through a parent or… citizenship Ecuador Ecuador 21-Month Permanent Residence A holder of qualifying Ecuadorian temporary residence who has accumulated more than 21 months of eligible stay can apply for permanent residence under the… residency Ecuador Ecuadorian Citizenship by Birth in Ecuador A person born in Ecuador is Ecuadorian by birth under Article 7 of the Constitution, regardless of the parents' nationality or immigration status. The… citizenship Ecuador Ecuadorian Citizenship by Descent A person born abroad can be Ecuadorian by birth when a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent was born in Ecuador. Civil records must connect every… citizenship Moldova Moldovan Citizenship by Family or Recovery This pathway covers three different situations: citizenship from birth through a Moldovan parent, citizenship recognition through qualifying Moldovan or… citizenship North Macedonia North Macedonian Citizenship by Descent North Macedonian citizenship by descent is mainly a parent-to-child route, with registration deadlines for many people born abroad to one citizen parent.… citizenship Peru Peruvian Citizenship by Birth or Parent Peruvian nationality by birth or parentage covers people born in Peru and some people born abroad to a Peruvian parent. It generally requires registration… citizenship Brazil Brazilian Citizenship by Birth in Brazil A person born in Brazil is generally a natural-born Brazilian citizen. The narrow constitutional exception is a child whose parents were foreign and were… citizenship Brazil Brazilian Citizenship by Parent Abroad A person born abroad to a Brazilian parent can be a natural-born Brazilian through the parent's service to Brazil, consular birth registration, or… citizenship Colombia Colombian Citizenship by Birth in Colombia A person born in Colombia is Colombian by birth when a parent was Colombian, or when a foreign parent had the legally required domicile in Colombia at the… citizenship Colombia Colombian Citizenship by Descent A person born outside Colombia can be Colombian by birth through a Colombian mother or father. The person must also register the foreign birth with a… citizenship Jamaica Jamaican Citizenship by Descent Jamaican citizenship by descent is for people born outside Jamaica who qualify through a Jamaican parent. The rule differs depending on whether the… citizenship Dominica Dominica Citizenship by Birth A person born in Dominica on or after independence on 3 November 1978 is generally a citizen at birth, subject to the Constitution's narrow foreign-envoy… citizenship Dominica Dominica Citizenship by Descent For a person born outside Dominica on or after 3 November 1978, citizenship at birth generally requires a mother or father who was a Dominican citizen at… citizenship Fiji Fiji Citizenship for Former Citizens An adult who previously held Fijian citizenship can apply to be registered again as a Fiji citizen, subject to identity, former-citizenship, character, and… citizenship Fiji Fijian Citizenship by Birth or Parent Fiji citizenship can arise from birth in Fiji on or after April 10, 2009, or through a parent who was actually a Fiji citizen when the applicant was born.… citizenship Paraguay Paraguayan Citizenship Through a Parent A person born abroad to a qualifying Paraguayan parent can obtain Paraguayan natural nationality, but the procedure depends on whether a parent was serving… citizenship Paraguay Paraguayan Citizenship by Birth in Paraguay A person born in Paraguayan territory is a Paraguayan national by origin under Article 146 of the Constitution and Law No. 7052. citizenship Vietnam Vietnamese Citizenship Restoration A person who previously lost Vietnamese nationality may apply for restoration when one of the statutory grounds applies, subject to identity, security,… citizenship Vietnam Vietnamese Citizenship by Descent Vietnamese citizenship at birth depends on each parent's citizenship when the child was born and, in some mixed-nationality families, the nationality… citizenship South Africa South African Citizenship Recovery Former South African citizens may have a resumption route if they can prove their prior citizenship, the way it ended, and the residence or… citizenship South Africa South African Citizenship by Adoption South African citizenship law includes a route for children adopted by South African citizens, subject to the adoption being legally recognized and the… citizenship South Africa South African Citizenship by Birth South African citizenship by birth can apply to people born in South Africa, especially where a parent was a South African citizen, where the person would… citizenship South Africa South African Citizenship through a Parent South African law can treat a person born outside South Africa as a citizen when a parent was a South African citizen at the time of birth. The practical… citizenship Philippines Philippine Citizenship Recovery Republic Act 9225 is for a former natural-born Filipino who lost Philippine citizenship by becoming naturalized in another country. It does not cover every… citizenship Philippines Philippine Citizenship by Descent Philippine citizenship normally passes from a Filipino mother or father who was a citizen on the child's birth date. A parent's Philippine birthplace or a… citizenship Belize Belizean Citizenship by Birth in Belize A person born in Belize before independence generally became a citizen on 21 September 1981, and a person born there from that date is generally a citizen… citizenship Belize Belizean Citizenship by Descent Belizean citizenship by descent covers a person born abroad from 21 September 1981 whose parent was Belizean at the birth, plus specific parent,… citizenship El Salvador Salvadoran Citizenship by Birth A person born in El Salvador is Salvadoran by birth under Article 90(1) of the Constitution. citizenship El Salvador Salvadoran Citizenship by Descent A person born abroad is Salvadoran by birth when their mother or father was Salvadoran at the time of birth. A separate 2026 rule can cover some minor… citizenship India India Diaspora Card OCI registration is for certain foreign citizens with a qualifying Indian-origin connection, minor children of Indian citizens, and some foreign spouses of… other India Indian Citizenship by Descent Indian citizenship by descent is a narrow statutory route for people born outside India to an Indian parent, with different rules for births before… citizenship Ghana Ghanaian Citizenship by Parent or Grandparent Ghanaian citizenship through family depends on the law in force on the applicant's date of birth. The broad parent-or-grandparent rule applies to people… citizenship Kenya Kenyan Citizenship by Parent Kenya's Constitution treats a person as a citizen by birth if, on the day the person was born, either the mother or father was a Kenyan citizen. The rule… citizenship Nigeria Nigerian Citizenship by Birth Nigerian citizenship by birth covers people who fit Section 25 of Nigeria's Constitution. The clearest modern case is a person born outside Nigeria to a… citizenship Nigeria Nigerian Citizenship for Grandchildren Nigerian citizenship by registration can be available to an adult born outside Nigeria whose grandparent is a Nigerian citizen. The applicant must also… citizenship

Switzerland Switzerland Student Residence Switzerland's student residence route is for non-European applicants admitted to qualifying full-time higher education who can fund and insure their stay. residency Norway Norway Student Residence Norway's student residence route is for non-European applicants admitted to qualifying full-time higher education who can fund and insure their stay. residency Iceland Iceland Post-Study Employment-Seeking Permit Graduates of an Icelandic bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree may renew student residence for up to 18 months after graduation to seek work based on… residency Iceland Iceland Student Residence Permit Iceland's student residence permit is for non-EEA students enrolled full-time at an Icelandic school. It generally requires admission or enrollment, funds,… residency Iceland Iceland Volunteer or Au Pair Residence Iceland has narrow hosted residence routes for volunteers, missionaries, and au pairs. These routes require a real Icelandic host or placement and are not… residency Denmark Denmark Student Residence Denmark's student residence route is for non-European applicants admitted to qualifying full-time higher education who can fund and insure their stay. residency Sweden Sweden Student Residence Sweden's student residence route is for non-European applicants admitted to qualifying full-time higher education who can fund and insure their stay. residency Germany Germany European Study Internship Visa Germany's study-related internship visa is for students enrolled at a university abroad, or recent graduates within two years, who have an internship… residency Germany Germany Language Course Visa Germany's language acquisition visa is for people admitted to an intensive German language course. It generally requires daily instruction of at least 18… residency Germany Germany Post-Study Job Search Residence Germany can issue a job-search residence permit after certain German stays, including successful study, research, qualified vocational training,… residency Germany Germany School or Exchange Student Visa Germany can issue residence for school attendance or a pupil exchange. It generally requires a qualifying German school or exchange arrangement, parental… residency Germany Germany Student Visa Germany's student visa is for people admitted to a state-recognized higher education institution in Germany, including certain preparatory measures and… residency Germany Germany Vocational Training Visa Germany's vocational training route is for people who want to complete an in-company or school-based training program in Germany, or in limited cases come… residency Ireland Ireland Graduate Residence Permission A qualifying non-EEA graduate of an Irish institution may move from Stamp 2 to Stamp 1G to look for graduate-level work and work full time for a limited… residency Ireland Ireland Stamp 2 Student Residence A non-EEA and non-Swiss student admitted to an eligible Irish course may obtain study permission, normally Stamp 2 for an approved full-time program. residency Australia Australia Student Guardian Visa Australia's Student Guardian visa lets a parent, custodian, or eligible relative come to Australia to support a student visa holder who is under 18, or… residency Australia Australia Student Visa Australia's Student visa is for people accepted into eligible study in Australia. It generally requires a Confirmation of Enrolment, enough funds, Overseas… residency Australia Australia Temporary Graduate Visa Australia's Temporary Graduate visa lets many recent international graduates live, study, and work in Australia after completing eligible Australian study.… residency Netherlands Netherlands Graduate Job-Search Residence The Netherlands orientation year is a one-year residence permit for recent graduates, doctoral graduates, and certain researchers who want to look for work… residency Netherlands Netherlands Student Residence Permit The Netherlands student residence permit is for non-Dutch students admitted to full-time higher education at a Dutch institution recognized by the IND. It… residency Finland Finland Student Residence Finland's student residence route is for non-European applicants admitted to qualifying full-time higher education who can fund and insure their stay. residency Belgium Belgium Post-Study Job Search Residence Belgium offers a one-year search period after some Belgian higher studies, Belgian mobility studies, or research stays. It lets eligible third-country… residency Belgium Belgium Student Residence Belgium's student residence route is for non-EU students accepted into qualifying higher education or study in Belgium. It generally requires admission or… residency United Kingdom UK Child Student Visa The UK Child Student visa is for children aged 4 to 17 who have an unconditional offer from an independent school that is a licensed Child Student sponsor,… residency United Kingdom UK Graduate Visa The UK Graduate visa is for people who are in the UK on a Student or Tier 4 visa and have successfully completed an eligible UK course. It gives post-study… residency United Kingdom UK Student Visa The UK Student visa is for people aged 16 or older who have an offer from a licensed UK student sponsor. It generally requires a Confirmation of Acceptance… residency New Zealand New Zealand Fee Paying Student Visa New Zealand's Fee Paying Student Visa is for international students accepted by an approved New Zealand education provider who can show tuition, living… residency New Zealand New Zealand Post Study Work Visa New Zealand's Post Study Work Visa is for people who recently completed an eligible New Zealand qualification and want temporary work rights that can… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Outstanding Student Golden Visa The UAE may grant a five-year Golden Residence to a top secondary-school student or a 10-year Golden Residence to an outstanding university student or… residency United Arab Emirates UAE Student Residence Visa A student admitted to a licensed UAE university, college, institute, or research institution may obtain residence sponsored by the institution or, in… residency Canada Canada Study Permit Canada's study permit is for international students accepted to a designated Canadian learning institution. It can allow temporary residence while studying… residency Canada Canada Study-to-Permanent-Residence Path This residence pathway is for students or graduates who want to turn study in Canada into a longer-term stay. It generally requires an eligible study… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Post-Study Job Search Residence Luxembourg gives some recent graduates and researchers time to stay after studies or research to look for work or start a business. It generally requires a… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Student Residence Permit Luxembourg student residence is for non-EU students accepted into qualifying higher education or study in Luxembourg. It generally requires admission or… residency United States U.S. Academic or Vocational Student Visa The F-1 and M-1 student visa routes are for people accepted by approved U.S. schools. They are temporary study routes, but F-1 study can sometimes lead to… residency United States U.S. Exchange Visitor Visa The J-1 route is for people accepted into approved U.S. exchange visitor programs, including interns, trainees, scholars, teachers, au pairs, and other… residency Spain Spain Student Stay Authorization Spain's student stay authorization is for people admitted to recognized higher education or post-compulsory secondary education lasting more than 90 days.… residency France France Post-Study Job Search Residence France has a one-year job-search or business-creation status for some recent graduates of French institutions and some former Talent researcher card… residency France France Student Visa France's student visa and student residence route is for people accepted into qualifying study or training in France. It generally requires admission or… residency Italy Italy Study Visa Italy's study visa is for people accepted into a qualifying Italian study, university, language, professional-training, or internship program. It generally… residency Czech Republic Czech Long-Term Residence for Studies Czech student residence is for non-EU citizens admitted to qualifying studies in Czechia for more than 90 days. It generally requires admission to a… residency Poland Poland Graduate Job Search Residence A third-country national who has just graduated from a Polish university can apply once for 9 months of temporary residence to seek employment or prepare a… residency Poland Poland Post-Research Residence for Job Search Poland has a one-time, 9-month temporary residence permit for some researchers who have just completed scientific research or development work in Poland.… residency Poland Poland Temporary Residence for Studies Poland's student residence route is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens accepted to or enrolled in qualifying full-time university study, doctoral school, or a… residency Portugal Portugal Post-Study Work Residence Portugal has special residence routes for people who held Portuguese student or research residence and have completed studies or research, then want to… residency Portugal Portugal Student Visa The Portugal D4 Student Visa is for people accepted to a qualifying school, university, exchange, or other study program in Portugal. It generally requires… residency Portugal Portugal Training or Volunteer Residence Portugal can issue residence visas for certain internships, professional training, and volunteer work. The route generally requires a certified host… residency Uruguay Uruguay Student Residence A foreign student admitted to an officially recognized educational institution in Uruguay can apply for temporary residence. The student status is granted… residency Mexico Mexico Temporary Resident Student Visa Mexico's student residence route is for people accepted into a Mexican school or university for study lasting more than 180 days. It generally requires an… residency Ecuador Ecuador Student Residence Visa A foreign student admitted to an Ecuadorian educational institution can apply for temporary student residence for the approved course or program. residency Fiji Fiji Student Permit A foreign student admitted to a Fiji educational institution can apply for a student permit for the approved course and period. residency Vietnam Vietnam Student Residence Visa A foreign student accepted by a Vietnamese educational institution can obtain a DH study visa and, when the current law and sponsorship requirements are… residency

Switzerland Swiss Citizenship After Residence This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of Switzerland. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship Iceland Iceland Permanent Residence Permit Iceland's national permanent residence permit is for people who have built qualifying residence under national permits. It is separate from the five-year… residency Iceland Icelandic Citizenship After Residence Icelandic naturalization is usually for people already legally settled in Iceland. The standard residence period is seven years, with shorter periods for… citizenship Sweden Swedish Citizenship After Residence Swedish citizenship by application is for adults who live in Sweden and have accumulated the required habitual residence. Applicants generally need a… citizenship Germany German Citizenship After Residence German citizenship by naturalization is for people who have lived legally in Germany for more than five years and meet the residence-status, self-support,… citizenship Germany Germany Permanent EU Residence Germany can grant permanent EU residence to eligible third-country nationals after 5 years of lawful residence. It resembles a settlement permit but can… residency Germany Germany Settlement Permit Germany's settlement permit gives qualifying third-country nationals permanent residence and unrestricted work rights. The required period depends on the… residency Ireland Irish Citizenship After Residence Irish citizenship by naturalization is for people who have built enough lawful residence in Ireland, or spouses and civil partners of Irish citizens with… citizenship Singapore Singapore Citizenship by Residence or Family Singapore accepts citizenship applications from several defined groups, including adult permanent residents, qualifying spouses and children of citizens,… citizenship Australia Australian Citizenship by Conferral This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of Australia. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship Netherlands Dutch Citizenship After Residence The Netherlands offers ordinary naturalization after a qualifying period of lawful Dutch residence, usually 5 years, along with civic integration,… citizenship Netherlands Netherlands Permanent Residence Permanent residence in the Netherlands is generally available after 5 consecutive years of lawful Dutch residence, provided the applicant meets… residency Finland Finnish Citizenship After Residence Finnish citizenship by application is for adults who live in Finland and have built enough legal residence there. Applicants generally need reliable… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship After 10 Years This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of Belgium. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship After 5 Years This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of Belgium. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship for Parents of Citizens Belgium has a nationality declaration route for certain parents of Belgian children under 18. It generally requires five years of legal residence in… citizenship Belgium Belgian Citizenship: Disability or Retirement Belgium has a nationality declaration route for some residents who have legally lived in Belgium for five years and can show they are unable to work… citizenship United Kingdom UK Citizenship After Living There This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of the United Kingdom. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship United Kingdom UK Long Residence A person who has lived lawfully and continuously in the United Kingdom for 10 years may qualify for indefinite leave to remain under the long-residence… residency New Zealand New Zealand Citizenship by Grant This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of New Zealand. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship United Arab Emirates UAE Citizenship by Government Nomination This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of the United Arab Emirates. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any… citizenship Canada Canadian Citizenship After Residence This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of Canada. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship South Korea South Korean Citizenship After Residence South Korean naturalization is an application-based route with distinct general, facilitated, marriage, and special categories. General naturalization… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg Citizenship After Residence Luxembourg naturalization is for adults who have already built lawful residence in Luxembourg. It generally requires five years of legal residence,… citizenship Luxembourg Luxembourg European Permanent Residence EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens normally gain a permanent right to live in Luxembourg after 5 years of lawful, uninterrupted residence. Certain workers and… residency United States U.S. Citizenship After Residence U.S. naturalization is the ordinary citizenship route for lawful permanent residents who have enough residence, physical presence, good moral character,… citizenship United States U.S. Citizenship Through Military Service Some current and former members of the U.S. armed forces can qualify for special naturalization rules based on military service. citizenship Austria Austrian Citizenship After Residence Austrian citizenship by award is for people who have built a long-term legal life in Austria and can meet its residence, resources, German-language,… citizenship Japan Japanese Citizenship After Residence Japanese naturalization is for people domiciled in Japan who meet the Nationality Act's residence, age and capacity, conduct, livelihood, nationality, and… citizenship Israel Israeli Citizenship After Residence Section 5 naturalization is a discretionary citizenship route for a person who already holds valid Israeli permanent residence, is living in Israel, and… citizenship Spain Spanish Citizenship After Residence Spain's ordinary naturalization route is the default citizenship route for long-term legal residents who do not fit a reduced Article 22 period. The… citizenship Spain Spanish Citizenship After Shorter Residence Spain's Article 22 route reduces the usual ten-year residence period to five, two, or one year for defined refugee, nationality-of-origin, Sephardic,… citizenship France French Citizenship After Residence French naturalization is for people who have made France their main home and can show enough residence, integration, B2 French, a passing nationality civic… citizenship Italy Italian Citizenship After Residence Italian naturalization is for people who have built a qualifying period of legal residence in Italy or fit a special residence category. It generally… citizenship Czech Republic Czech Citizenship After Residence Czech naturalization is for people who have built a long-term legal life in Czechia. It generally requires permanent residence, enough actual presence,… citizenship Andorra Andorran Citizenship After Residence Andorran naturalization is mainly for people whose principal home has been in Andorra for many years. The ordinary route combines 20 years of principal and… citizenship Poland Polish Citizenship by Presidential Grant Polish citizenship can be granted by the President of Poland, but this is a highly discretionary route rather than a normal eligibility checklist. Citizeo… citizenship Poland Polish Citizenship by Recognition Polish citizenship by recognition is for people who already have a qualifying Polish residence basis and can meet one exact statutory category. It commonly… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship After Residence Portugal's ordinary naturalization route is for long-term legal residents. Under the current 2026 law, most applicants need 10 years of legal residence; EU… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship for Former-Colony Ties Portugal lists special nationality categories for some people born in former Portuguese colonies, or descendants of such people, who have remained in… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship for Relevant Services Portugal has a narrow discretionary nationality route for people who have rendered relevant services to the Portuguese State or national community. It is… citizenship Portugal Portuguese Citizenship for Stateless People Portugal has a specific naturalization rule for stateless people who have legally lived in Portugal for at least four years and meet the language, civic,… citizenship Chile Chilean Citizenship After Residence Chile offers ordinary naturalization after five years to qualifying permanent residents, a two-year route for permanent residents with specified Chilean… citizenship Turkey Turkish Citizenship After Residence Türkiye's ordinary naturalization route is for adult long-term residents who have five years of qualifying, uninterrupted residence and can show… citizenship Hungary Hungarian Citizenship by Ancestry Hungary's simplified naturalization route is for a non-citizen who can prove a Hungarian-citizen ancestor or likely Hungarian origin and can handle the… citizenship Argentina Argentine Citizenship After Residence Standard Argentine naturalization is for adults who complete two years of continuous, legal residence in Argentina immediately before applying. Under the… citizenship Uruguay Uruguayan Citizenship After Residence Adult permanent residents who genuinely live in Uruguay may apply for legal citizenship after three years if qualifying close family live there in their… citizenship Romania Romanian Citizenship After Residence This route is for adults who already hold Romanian long-term or permanent residence and meet the usual 8-year rule, the 5-year spouse rule, or a limited… citizenship Bahamas Bahamian Citizenship After Residence Bahamian naturalization is a discretionary route for long-term lawful residents who meet the permanent-residence, actual-residence, character, language,… citizenship Panama Panamanian Citizenship After Residence Panamanian naturalization is a discretionary citizenship process for permanent residents who meet one of the constitutional bases in Article 10. The… citizenship Georgia Georgian Citizenship After Residence Georgian citizenship by naturalization is mainly for adults with 10 consecutive years of lawful residence, or 5 years for a spouse of a Georgian citizen or… citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Business Residence A permitted entrant who has become, or is likely to become, successfully established in a profession, trade, self-operated business, or agricultural… residency Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Citizenship by Residence T&T naturalization is for alien adults who meet the Act's character, English, residence or government-service, legal-entry, and oath requirements. citizenship Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Five-Year Residence A person who has lived continuously in Trinidad and Tobago for at least five years may apply for resident status. Meeting the residence period allows an… residency Malaysia Malaysian Citizenship After Residence Malaysia's Article 19 naturalization route is for permanent residents age 21 or older who meet the residence, good-character, Malay-language,… citizenship Costa Rica Costa Rican Citizenship After Residence Costa Rica has separate naturalization routes for ordinary residents, qualifying spouses, and people who missed a birth-citizenship option before age 25.… citizenship Saint Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts Citizenship After Residence The Ministry of Foreign Affairs says citizenship by residence requires 14 years of legal residence in Saint Kitts and Nevis. The legal mechanism differs… citizenship Thailand Thai Citizenship After Residence Ordinary Thai naturalization is a discretionary citizenship route for adults who have established a long-term legal home in Thailand. The standard route… citizenship Barbados Barbados Citizenship After Residence Adults who have made Barbados their long-term lawful home may be able to apply for citizenship by naturalization. Usually, you must have lived legally in… citizenship Grenada Grenada Citizenship by Residence or Marriage Grenada has separate procedures for ordinary naturalization, registration by a Commonwealth citizen or Irish citizen, and registration by the spouse of a… citizenship Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Citizenship by Residence or Marriage Antigua and Barbuda uses different citizenship procedures for a non-Commonwealth applicant seeking naturalization, a Commonwealth citizen seeking… citizenship Armenia Armenian Citizenship After Residence Armenian citizenship by ordinary naturalization is for adults who have already built lawful residence in Armenia. It generally requires at least three… citizenship Mexico Mexican Citizenship After Residence Mexico's ordinary naturalization route is for adult Temporary or Permanent Residents who have completed the required residence period, can demonstrate… citizenship Mexico Mexico Temporary-to-Permanent Residence Mexico usually lets Temporary Residents switch to Permanent Residence after reaching the maximum temporary-residence period. It generally requires current… residency Dominican Republic Dominican Citizenship After Residence This pathway is the ordinary naturalization process for an adult who lives in the Dominican Republic and can document more than two years of permanent… citizenship Saint Lucia St. Lucia Citizenship After Residence This discretionary citizenship pathway is for full-age, capable long-term residents of Saint Lucia who can meet the Act's residence pattern, character,… citizenship Ecuador Ecuadorian Citizenship After Residence Ecuador has distinct naturalization routes for ordinary permanent residents, qualifying spouses or registered partners of Ecuadorians, and some recognized… citizenship North Macedonia North Macedonian Citizenship After Residence This citizenship pathway is for long-term residents of North Macedonia. It generally requires enough lawful residence, good character, and any language,… citizenship Peru Peruvian Citizenship After Residence Peru's currently available naturalization route is for adults who have lived there legally for at least two consecutive years and can meet its conduct,… citizenship Brazil Brazilian Citizenship After Residence Brazilian ordinary naturalization generally requires residence registered for an indeterminate period, four years of qualifying residence, ability to… citizenship Colombia Colombian Citizenship After Residence This route is for an adult who holds a current Colombian Resident visa and has completed the required period of continuous domicile. Most applicants need… citizenship Dominica Dominica Citizenship by Residence or Marriage Dominica uses separate citizenship procedures for ordinary naturalization, registration by a Commonwealth citizen or citizen of Ireland, and registration… citizenship Fiji Fijian Citizenship After Residence Fiji's naturalization route is for adults with at least five qualifying years of lawful presence during the ten years immediately before filing. Time spent… citizenship Paraguay Paraguayan Citizenship After Residence An adult permanent resident can ask Paraguay's Supreme Court for naturalization after at least three years of permanent admission, continuous real… citizenship Vietnam Vietnamese Citizenship After Residence Vietnam has a standard naturalization route for people who currently hold permanent residence and have at least five years counted from issuance of a… citizenship South Africa South African Citizenship After Residence South African naturalization is the citizenship route for permanent residents who meet the Act's residence, character, language, civic-knowledge, and… citizenship Philippines Philippine Citizenship After Residence Philippine naturalization is a demanding citizenship process for established residents. The ordinary court route generally uses ten years of continuous… citizenship Belize Belize Permanent Residence Belize's ordinary permanent-residence route requires at least one year of legal residence immediately before applying, no more than 14 days outside Belize… residency Belize Belizean Citizenship After Residence Belize's citizenship-by-registration route covers a permanent resident who has held that status for at least five years with the required continuous… citizenship El Salvador Salvadoran Citizenship After Residence Naturalization is generally for a definitive resident who meets the applicable one-year, two-year, or five-year residence rule, or a recognized refugee or… citizenship Vanuatu Vanuatu Citizenship After Residence Vanuatu's ordinary naturalization route is for a person who has been ordinarily, lawfully, and continuously resident in Vanuatu for the 10 years… citizenship Nigeria Nigerian Citizenship After Residence Nigerian naturalization is for long-term residents who meet Section 27 of the Constitution. The residence requirement is normally 15 years, either… citizenship

Iceland Iceland Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can usually live in Iceland through free-movement rules rather than a national Icelandic residence permit. For a stay over… residency Iceland Iceland Short-Term Residence Permit Iceland's short-term residence permit covers certain stays longer than 90 days and no more than 180 days. It is limited to extended visits with a spouse,… residency Iceland Iceland Special-Purpose Residence Iceland has two narrow fallback residence routes: one for exceptional personal ties to Iceland, and one for a temporary legitimate special purpose. These… residency Iceland Iceland Working Holiday Residence Iceland has a Working Holiday / Youth Mobility residence permit for young citizens of partner countries. It is a temporary cultural-exchange route with… residency Germany Germany Au Pair Residence Germany's au pair residence route is for young adults who will live with a German-speaking host family and work as an au pair for a limited… residency Germany Germany Residence for EU Long-Term Residents Germany can issue a residence permit to someone who already holds EU long-term resident status in another EU member state and wants to stay in Germany for… residency Germany Germany Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can enter, live, work, and study in Germany through free movement without a German visa or residence permit. Longer stays must… residency Germany Germany Right of Return Residence Germany's right-of-return residence rule can help certain former long-term child residents return to Germany, and it also includes a rule for some people… residency Germany Germany Voluntary Service Residence Germany's voluntary-service residence route is for people participating in a statutory national or European voluntary service, such as FSJ, FÖJ, BFD, or… residency Germany Germany Working Holiday or Youth Visa Germany's working-holiday and youth-mobility residence route is for young adults from countries with bilateral agreements with Germany. It generally covers… residency Ireland Ireland European Citizen Residence EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can enter Ireland and use free-movement rights for work, self-employment, study, or self-sufficient residence without an Irish… residency Ireland Ireland Residence Rights for British Citizens British citizens generally already have the right to live, work, study, and access many services in Ireland under the Common Travel Area. This is not a… other Ireland Ireland Working Holiday Authorization Ireland's Working Holiday Authorisation lets eligible young people from partner countries live in Ireland temporarily and work during the stay. It… residency Singapore Singapore Work Holiday Pass Singapore's Work Holiday Programme is a capacity-limited, six-month pass for people aged 18 to 25 who are students or graduates of recognized universities… residency Australia Australia Resident Return Visa Australia's Resident Return visa lets current or former Australian permanent residents, and some former Australian citizens, regain or renew the travel… residency Australia Australia Visa for New Zealand Citizens New Zealand citizens with a valid New Zealand passport generally do not need to apply for an Australian visa before travel. On entry, they can be granted a… other Australia Australia Work and Holiday Visa Australia's Work and Holiday visa is a temporary route for young adults from eligible passport countries who want to holiday in Australia and work during… residency Australia Australia Working Holiday Visa Australia's Working Holiday visa is a temporary route for young adults from eligible passport countries who want to holiday in Australia and work during… residency Netherlands Netherlands Au Pair Residence Permit The Netherlands has an au pair residence route for young adults joining a host family through a recognized au pair agency for cultural exchange. residency Netherlands Netherlands Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens generally can live and work in the Netherlands without a Dutch residence permit, with free-movement conditions for stays over 3… residency Netherlands Netherlands Working Holiday Residence Permit The Netherlands offers a one-year working holiday or working holiday scheme for young citizens of specific partner countries who want a cultural exchange… residency Belgium Belgium Au Pair Residence Belgium's au pair route is a cultural-exchange residence option for young people placed with a Belgian host family. It generally requires being in the… residency Belgium Belgium Residence Permit for Volunteers Belgium has a volunteer authorization for third-country nationals participating in a voluntary service scheme recognized by the European Union. The… residency Belgium Belgium Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can live and work in Belgium through free-movement rights rather than a Belgian work visa. A stay beyond 3 months requires… residency Belgium Belgium Working Holiday Residence Permit Belgium's Working Holiday Programme is a temporary route for young citizens of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Taiwan, and South Korea who want a… residency United Kingdom UK British National Overseas Visa The UK British National (Overseas) visa is for eligible Hong Kong BN(O) status holders and certain adult children of BN(O) status holders. It can support a… residency United Kingdom UK Immigration Status Through Windrush The Windrush Scheme helps eligible long-settled people get proof of their right to live and work in the UK, and in some cases apply for citizenship for… other United Kingdom UK India Young Professionals Scheme Visa The UK India Young Professionals Scheme visa is for Indian citizens aged 18 to 30 who have a bachelor's-level qualification or higher and are selected in… residency United Kingdom UK Residence Rights for Irish Citizens Irish citizens generally already have the right to live, work, study, and access many services in the UK under the Common Travel Area. This is not a visa… other United Kingdom UK Residence Status for EU Citizens The EU Settlement Scheme protects UK residence rights for eligible EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens and qualifying family members connected to pre-2021 UK… residency United Kingdom UK Youth Mobility Scheme Visa The UK Youth Mobility Scheme visa is for young adults from participating countries and territories who want to live and work in the UK temporarily. It… residency New Zealand New Zealand Australian Resident Visa Australian citizens can generally visit, live, work, and study in New Zealand and receive a New Zealand resident visa when they arrive, if they meet New… other New Zealand New Zealand Family Violence Resident Visa New Zealand's Victims of Family Violence Resident Visa is a protected route for people whose partnership with a New Zealand citizen or resident ended… residency New Zealand New Zealand Pacific Access Resident Visa New Zealand's Pacific Access Category Resident Visa is a ballot-based residence route for eligible citizens of Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga, and Tuvalu aged 18 to… residency New Zealand New Zealand Refugee Family Resident Visa New Zealand's Refugee Family Support Resident Visa can help some family members join a New Zealand citizen or resident who was granted residence as a… residency New Zealand New Zealand Samoan Quota Resident Visa New Zealand's Samoan Quota Resident Visa is a ballot-based residence route for Samoan citizens aged 18 to 45 who are selected and can meet job-offer,… residency New Zealand New Zealand U.S. Working Holiday Visa New Zealand's USA Working Holiday Visa lets eligible U.S. citizens aged 18 to 30 holiday, work, and study in New Zealand for up to 12 months. It generally… residency Canada Canada French-Speaking Community Residence Canada's Francophone Community Immigration Pilot is a permanent-residence route for French-speaking skilled workers with a job offer from a designated… residency Canada Canada Permanent Residence for Hong Kongers Canada's Hong Kong public-policy pathway is a time-limited permanent-residence route for eligible Hong Kong residents in Canada, through either Canadian… residency Canada Canada Residence for Former State-Care Youth Canada has a temporary public-policy permanent-residence pathway for certain foreign nationals in Canada who came as children, were under state care, and… residency Canada Canada Rural Community Permanent Residence Canada's Rural Community Immigration Pilot is a permanent-residence route for skilled workers with a job offer from a designated employer in one of the… residency Canada Canada Youth Mobility Work Permit Canada does not have a standard bilateral IEC working-holiday agreement for U.S. citizens, but some recognized organizations can support a limited number… residency South Korea South Korea Working Holiday Visa Korea's H-1 Working Holiday visa is for eligible young people from countries or regions with a working-holiday agreement with Korea. It generally requires… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Long-Term Resident Status Luxembourg EU long-term resident status is for non-EU citizens who have already lived legally and continuously in Luxembourg for about five years. It… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Residence for EU Residents Non-EU citizens who already hold formal EU long-term resident status from another participating EU country may have a route to live in Luxembourg for work,… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can usually live in Luxembourg through free-movement rights rather than a Luxembourg national visa. For stays over three… residency Luxembourg Luxembourg Trainee or Volunteer Residence Luxembourg has narrow residence routes for some trainees, volunteers, pupils, and au pairs. These routes generally require a real host, program, agreement,… residency United States U.S. Cuban Adjustment Act Green Card The Cuban Adjustment Act can allow certain Cuban natives or citizens, and some qualifying family members, to apply for a U.S. green card after being… residency United States U.S. Diversity Visa The Diversity Visa is a green card route for people selected through the U.S. Diversity Immigrant Visa Program. Being from an eligible country is only the… residency United States U.S. Family-Abuse Survivor Green Card VAWA self-petitioning can help certain abused spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents seek immigration protection… residency United States U.S. Protection Through Asylum U.S. asylum is a protection route for people already in the United States, or arriving at the border, who fear persecution in their home country for a… residency United States U.S. Refugee Protection and Resettlement U.S. refugee resettlement is for people outside the United States who are referred into the U.S. refugee admissions process and meet refugee, security,… residency United States U.S. Special Immigrant Juvenile Green Card Special Immigrant Juvenile classification can lead to a green card for certain young people in the United States who have a qualifying state-court order… residency United States U.S. T Visa for Trafficking Survivors The T visa is a protection route for certain survivors of severe human trafficking who are in the United States because of trafficking and meet cooperation… residency United States U.S. Temporary Protected Status Temporary Protected Status can protect certain nationals of designated countries who are already in the United States and meet the registration, presence,… residency United States U.S. U Visa for Victims of Certain Crimes The U visa is a protection route for certain victims of qualifying crimes who suffered substantial harm and were helpful, are being helpful, or are likely… residency Spain Spain Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens generally have a free-movement right to live, work, study, seek work, or retire in Spain, subject to registration and support… residency Spain Spain Residence for People Already in Spain Spain's current arraigo routes are exceptional-circumstances residence authorizations for certain non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals already in Spain who fit a… residency France France Au Pair Visa France's young au pair route is for non-European young adults who will live with a host family in France to improve their French and cultural knowledge. It… residency France France Long-Term Resident Card France's EU long-term resident card is for non-EU citizens with five years of legal and uninterrupted residence on specified qualifying statuses. It also… residency France France Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens can usually live in France through free-movement rights rather than a French national visa. For stays over three months, the… residency France France Working Holiday Visa France's working holiday visa is a temporary route for young adults from countries that have a working-holiday agreement with France. It generally requires… residency Italy Italy Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens generally have a free-movement right to live, work, study, seek work, or retire in Italy, subject to registration and support… residency Italy Italy Working Holiday Visa Italy has temporary working-holiday or youth-mobility visas for eligible citizens of Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. The stay is… residency Estonia Estonia Digital Business ID Estonia e-Residency is a government-issued digital identity for global entrepreneurs who want remote access to Estonian digital business services. It can… other Czech Republic Czechia European Citizen Residence EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens may enter, live, work, study, or do business in Czechia without a Czech visa or work permit; a registration certificate is… residency Poland Poland Long-Term Resident Permit Poland's EU long-term resident permit is for non-EU citizens who have already built a long, legal, continuous stay in Poland. It usually requires 5 years… residency Poland Poland Permanent Residence Permit Poland's permanent residence permit is for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who already live in Poland and have a specific statutory ground. It can cover… residency Poland Poland Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens generally have a free-movement right to live, work, study, seek work, or retire in Poland, subject to registration and support… residency Portugal Portugal Long-Term Resident Permit Third-country nationals who already hold EU long-term resident status in another EU member state may have a route to live in Portugal for work, study,… residency Portugal Portugal Residence for European Citizens EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens generally have a free-movement right to live, work, study, seek work, or retire in Portugal, subject to registration and… residency Portugal Portugal Residence for Portuguese Speakers Portugal's CPLP residence route is for citizens of other Portuguese-speaking countries that participate in the CPLP mobility framework. It can provide a… residency Portugal Portugal Youth Mobility Visa for Americans Portugal's youth-mobility route lets eligible U.S. citizens who are enrolled in a U.S. accredited post-secondary institution or recently graduated stay in… residency Chile Chile Residence for South Americans Citizens of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay may use Chile's MERCOSUR reciprocity temporary-residence category. It is based on… residency Argentina Argentina Residence for South Americans Argentina's MERCOSUR route gives two-year temporary residence to qualifying nationals of listed South American countries, subject to identity,… residency Uruguay Uruguay General Permanent Residence A foreign national outside Uruguay's special Mercosur-nationality route can apply for permanent residence by showing a genuine intention to settle and a… residency Uruguay Uruguay South American Permanent Residence Nationals of eleven listed Mercosur member and associated countries can apply directly for permanent residence in Uruguay based on nationality. residency Uruguay Uruguay South American Temporary Residence Nationals of eleven listed Mercosur member and associated countries who specifically want a limited stay can apply for two-year temporary residence in… residency Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago CSME Residence Citizens of participating CSME states in approved occupational categories may live and work in Trinidad and Tobago without an ordinary work permit after… residency Thailand Thailand Long-Stay Membership Visa Thailand Privilege is a fee-paid membership and long-stay visa program for foreign passport holders who pass the program's immigration and background… residency Barbados Barbados CSME Skilled National Residence Citizens of participating CSME states in approved occupational categories may live and work in Barbados without an ordinary work permit after obtaining… residency Grenada Grenada CSME Skilled National Residence Citizens of participating CSME states in approved occupational categories may live and work in Grenada without an ordinary work permit after obtaining and… residency Mexico Mexico Residence by Institutional Invitation Mexico can issue Temporary Residence for some people invited by a Mexican public or private institution for a non-remunerated activity lasting more than… residency Ecuador Ecuador South American Agreement Residence Nationals of countries covered by the MERCOSUR Residence Agreement can apply for Ecuadorian temporary residence on a nationality-based agreement route and… residency Peru Peru Residence for South Americans Peru's MERCOSUR route gives eligible South American nationals two years of temporary residence. The temporary status cannot be renewed, but a holder may… residency Brazil Brazil Residence for South Americans Brazil's MERCOSUR Residence Agreement route is for citizens of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. It grants… residency Colombia Colombia Residence for South Americans This nationality-based Migrant visa is available to citizens of the Mercosur residence-agreement states for which Colombia currently applies reciprocity.… residency Paraguay Paraguay Residence for South Americans Citizens of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, or Uruguay can apply in person for Paraguay's two-year, nonrenewable MERCOSUR… residency